Ze-Yue Ou-Yang, Yao Feng, Dong-Dong Xie, Yi-Fan Yang, Yun Chen, Ning-Xin Chen, Xiao-Lin Su, Bi-Fen Kuang, Jie Zhao, Ya-Qiong Zhao, Yun-Zhi Feng, Yue Guo
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop the Chinese version of the biopsychosocial impact scale (BPIm-S) to assess functional limitation and psychosocial distress in orofacial pain (OFP) patients in mainland China, and investigate the factor structure, reliability and validity, measurement invariance, as well as scores differences across genders, age and educational status among OFP patients. METHODS: The BPIm-S was developed and evaluated in four stages: (1) concept selection and item generation; (2) a pilot study assessing face and content validity; (3) the factors structure, reliability, convergent validity, and measurement invariance; and (4) concurrent validity and clinical responsiveness...
2023: Frontiers in Psychology