Brain Connectivity

Background: Chronic unilateral vestibulopathy (CUVP) is a common chronic vestibular syndrome; the mechanisms of central vestibular compensation in CUVP are rarely studied. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 18 patients with CUVP and 18 healthy controls (HCs) and used seed-based functional connectivity (FC) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) analyses to explore the FC alterations. Results: Compared with HCs, patients with CUVP showed decreased FC between the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and the right hippocampus; the left middle frontal gyrus and the right posterior cingulate gyrus, the right hippocampus, the right parahippocampal gyrus...

PURPOSE: Persistent postural-perception dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic subjective form of dizziness characterized by the exacerbation of dizziness with active or passive movement, complex visual stimuli, and upright posture. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with PPPD using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and evaluate the correlation between abnormal regions in the brain and clinical features to investigate the pathogenesis of PPPD...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of depressive episodes is well established, with clearly demonstrated effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapies. However, more than one-third of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Identifying the brain structural basis of treatment-resistant depression could prevent useless pharmacological prescriptions, adverse events, and lost therapeutic opportunities. METHODS: Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we performed structural connectivity analyses on a cohort of 154 patients with mood disorder (MD) - and 77 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants...

INTRODUCTION: The subventricular zone promotes remyelination through activation differentiation of oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) into mature oligodendrocytes and thus in the adult brain. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) this regenerative capability in halted resulting in neurodegeneration. We aimed to systematically search and synthesize evidence on mechanisms and phenomena associated with SVZ dysfunction in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR statement...

BACKGROUND: Youths with thought problems (TP) are at risk to develop psychosis and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning TP is still unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that striatal and limbic alterations are associated with psychosis-like and obsessive-like symptoms in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis, schizophrenia, and OCD patients. More specifically, Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala are mainly involved in these associations...

Introduction: Persisting imbalance and falls in community-dwelling traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors are linked to reduced long-term survival. However, a detailed understanding of the impact of TBI upon the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance is lacking. To understand the state of the art concerning the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance in TBI, we performed a systematic review of the literature. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched and peer-reviewed research articles in humans, with any severity of TBI (mild, moderate, severe, or concussion), which linked a postural balance assessment (objective or subjective) with brain imaging (through computed tomography, T1-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and evoked potentials) were included...

INTRODUCTION: The mental load caused by simultaneous multitasks can affect visual information processing and reduce its ability. This study investigated the effect of mental load caused by cognitive tasks simultaneously with visual task on the number of active voxels in the visual cortex. METHODS: This study recruited 22 individuals with a mean age of 24.72±5.47 years. 3 Tesla functional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine the functions of visual cortex and amygdala region during three different task conditions: visual task alone, visual task with an auditory n-back task, and visual task with an arithmetic task...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated alterations in the intrinsic thalamic network of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) based on electroencephalography (EEG) source-level analysis. METHODS: We enrolled patients newly diagnosed with JME, as well as healthy controls. The assessments were conducted in the resting state. We computed sources based on the scalp electrical potentials using a minimum norm imaging method and a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography approach...

BACKGROUND: Balance between brain structure and function is implicated in aging and many brain disorders. This study aimed to investigate the coupling between brain structure and function using 18F-FDG PET/MRI. METHODS: 138 subjects who performed brain 18F-FDG PET/MRI were recruited. The structural and functional coupling at the regional level was explored by calculating within-subject Spearman's correlation between the GluM (glucose metabolism) and cortical thickness (CTh) across the cortex for each subject, which was then correlated with age to explore its physiological effects...

INTRODUCTION: Improved understanding of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) symptomatology, disease mechanisms, and clinical effectiveness can be achieved by investigating microstructural damage. The aim was to gain deeper insights into changes in white matter (WM) tracts in MS patients. METHODS: Diffusion MRI-based tractography was utilized to segment WM tracts into regions of interest for further quantitative analysis. However, tractography is susceptible to false positive findings, reducing its specificity and clinical feasibility...

AIM: To develop an approach to evaluate multiple overlapping brain functional change patterns (FCPs) in functional network connectivity (FNC) and apply to study developmental changes in brain function. INTRODUCTION: Functional network connectivity, the network analog of functional connectivity, is commonly used to capture the intrinsic functional relationships among brain networks. Ongoing research on longitudinal changes of intrinsic functional connectivity across whole-brain functional networks has proven useful for characterizing age-related changes, but to date, there has been little focus on capturing multivariate patterns of FNC change with brain development...

Despite advances in the study of the human cerebral white matter, short association fibers remain underexplored, as furthering the understanding of their anatomy has been hindered by their compact and juxtacortical character. Both magnetic resonance-based diffusion imaging and post-mortem post-cortex removal dissection meet significant difficulties in addressing the superficial white matter. In this study, we present an inside-out fiber dissection technique to assess short-association fiber anatomy in the human brain...

Narrative comprehension is a linguistic ability that emerges early in life and has a critical role in language development, reading acquisition, and comprehension. According to the Simple View of Reading model, reading is acquired through word decoding and linguistic comprehension. Here, within and between networks, functional connectivity in several brain networks supporting both language and reading abilities was examined from prereading to proficient reading age in 32 healthy children, ages 5-18 years, scanned annually while listening to stories over 12 years...

BACKGROUND: Properties of functional connectivity (FC), such as network integration and segregation, are shown to be associated with various human behaviors. For example, Godwin et al. (2015) and Sun et al. (2020) found increased integration with attention allocation, whereas Cohen and D'Esposito (2016) and Shine et al. (2016) observed increased segregation with simple motor tasks. The current study investigated how viewing video clips with different valence and arousal influenced integration-segregation properties in task-based FC networks...

Purpose Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) refers to the partial or complete lack of growth hormone. Short stature and slow growth are characteristic of patients with GHD. Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that GHD may cause cognitive and behavioral impairments in patients. Resting-state networks (RSNs) are regions of the brain that exhibit synchronous activity and are closely related to our cognition and behavior. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in children with GHD by investigating changes in RSNs...

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke are the most common causes of acquired brain injury (ABI), annually affecting 69 million and 15 million people, respectively. Following ABI, the relationship between brain network disruption and common cognitive issues including attention dysfunction is heterogenous. Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 43 studies published by February 2023 that reported correlations between attention and connectivity. Across all ages and stages of recovery, following TBI, greater attention was associated with greater structural efficiency within/between executive control network (ECN), salience network (SN), and default mode network (DMN) and greater functional connectivity (fc) within/between ECN and DMN, indicating DMN interference...

INTRODUCTION: Neuroimaging studies suggest that the human brain consists of intrinsically organized, large-scale neural networks. Among these networks, the interplay among default-mode, salience, and central-executive networks has been widely employed to understand the functional interaction patterns in health and disease. This triple network model suggests that salience network causally controls over default-mode and central-executive networks in healthy individuals. This interaction is often referred to as salience network's dynamic regulating mechanism...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.