International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most prominent conditions causing chronic kidney disease and eventually end-stage renal disease. Renal replacement therapy, particularly hemodialysis (HD), is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the overall survival status of HD patients and potential survival predictors at Saint Paul hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC) and Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on HD patients at SPHMMC and MCM general hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2020...

Chronic kidney disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. It is associated with a growing health burden as many patients progress to end-stage renal disease. Until recently, therapeutic options for the management of chronic kidney disease were limited. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors offer an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with chronic kidney disease. Several trials have shown renal benefits with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with cardiovascular disease with and without type 2 diabetes and across a range of estimated glomerular filtration rate levels...

BACKGROUND: Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) has been suggested as a treatment for vascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, diabetic foot ulcers, and erectile dysfunction. Primarily, LI-ESWT is known for its ability to stimulate angiogenesis and activation of stem cells in target tissues. Application of LI-ESWT in chronic progressive renal diseases is a novel area. The aim of the present review was to summarize available data on the effects of LI-ESWT used in the setting of renal diseases...

AIM: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare disorder that occurs in association majorly with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The lack of collective quantitative data on its clinical manifestations and the different treatment options' efficacy, call the need for our investigation. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted covering a timeline from inception up to July 2022 without any restrictions. Article screening and data extraction were performed independently on PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, our understanding of genetic causes of CKD has expanded significantly with several renal conditions having been identified. This review discusses the current landscape of genetic kidney disease and their potential treatment options. This review will focus on cystic kidney disease, glomerular disease with genetic associations, congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), autosomal dominant-tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), inherited nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis...

INTRODUCTION: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is used for dry weight guidance by assessment of pulmonary congestion in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate amounts of accumulated fluid by total LUS scores (TLUSS), which were scarcely reported in HD patients who were normal or had a mild functional abnormality. In addition, the correlations between the LUS score of each area and TLUSS were determined to suggest fewer specific areas valuable to shorten the examination time of LUS...

PURPOSE: Potential adverse outcomes of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have increasingly been reported. The potential risks to PPIs include hypomagnesemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unlike a real-world electronic medical record (RW-EMR) with active-comparator design, claim databases and special population cohort with non-user design, using in previous studies, resulted in a wide range of strength of association with indication bias. This study aimed to measure the total effect of association between PPIs use and CKD incidence using Thai RW-EMR...

INTRODUCTION: Circulating uric acid, ferritin, albumin, intact parathyroid hormone and gamma-glutamyl transferase each participate in biochemical reactions that reduce or/and enhance oxidative stress, which is considered the final common pathway through which pathophysiological mechanisms cause uremic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that the respective biomarkers may be involved in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy characteristics and can be useful in their identification among chronic kidney disease patients...

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common condition amongst patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several studies have confirmed that more than four out of ten early-stage CKD patients suffer from this condition, while its prevalence among CKD patients on dialysis reaches up to seven out of ten. It is noted to be associated with other disabling symptoms and serious outcomes. It has significant impact on sleep, mood, daily activities, and quality of life of CKD patients, and increased mortality risk of patients on hemodialysis...

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common multifactorial adverse effect of surgery, circulatory obstruction, sepsis or drug/toxin exposure that often results in morbidity and mortality. Sphingolipid metabolism is a critical regulator of cell survival and pathologic inflammation processes involved in AKI. Opaganib (also known as ABC294640) is a first-in-class experimental drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism that reduces the production and activity of inflammatory cytokines and, therefore, may be effective to prevent and treat AKI...

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Background: In the absence of direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal blood treatment (EBT) could represent an option for cytokine removal. Objective: This study aimed to describe and compare cytokine removal during intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in COVID-19 patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Methods: It was a cohort study that studied patients with COVID-19-related AKI according to KDIGO criteria and admitted at Intensive Care Unit (ICU)...

Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that was recently approved in the USA and the EU for the treatment of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). The DAPA-CKD trial showed a 39% decline in the risk of worsening kidney function, onset of end-stage kidney disease, or kidney failure-related death. Patients with lower levels of eGFR and higher levels of albuminuria are among those who stand to gain the greatest absolute benefits...

PURPOSE: In children, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been known to affect neurocognitive function which can impair the quality of life. This study aims to determine the factors and treatment modalities which might affect neurocognitive function in pediatric population with CKD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic review was done using 3 electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and carried out based on PRISMA guidelines. Our review included articles published in the last 10 years (2011-2021) in English, on children aged 0-18 years with CKD...

The role of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains controversial. Many experts contend that CIN does not exist or is extremely rare. The diagnosis was previously made too frequently and inappropriately in the presence of coexisting and confounding comorbidities and risk factors making it difficult to singularly isolate the etiologic role of intravenous contrast media in acute kidney injury (AKI). It is probable that many patients were denied important diagnostic information from radiocontrast studies for fear of CIN...

Purpose: Vitamin K deficiency and hence a high level of plasma dephosphorylated undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) is frequent in patients on hemodialysis. This group is recommended to restrict their potassium intake which often leads to restriction of vitamin K rich foods. A menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplement has been shown to decrease dp-ucMGP, but it has yet to be examined if a vitamin K rich diet could be equally effective. Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized crossover intervention trial with two arms; 6 weeks of 360 μg MK-7 tablet/day and 6 weeks of a vitamin K rich diet with a 3-week washout period in between...

Background: Although deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is a useful option to protect the central nervous system during aortic arch operations, the influence of simultaneous renal ischemia remains controversial. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Sixty-three patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery with DHCA and 24 patients who underwent cardiac surgery without DHCA were included in this study. The mean age, preoperative serum creatinine (Cr) level, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), peak serum Cr level up to 48 hrs post-operative, elevation rate of Cr compared to the preoperative serum Cr, urine volume rate up to 48 hrs post-operative and AKI staging using the KDIGO criteria were estimated for each patient...

It has been widely demonstrated that patient education and empowerment, especially involving shared treatment decisions, improve patient outcomes in chronic medical conditions, including chronic kidney disease requiring kidney replacement therapies. Accordingly, regulatory agencies in the US and worldwide recommend shared decision-making for finalizing one's choice of kidney replacement therapy. It is also recognized that the US needs to substantially increase home dialysis utilization to leverage its positive impacts on patient and healthcare cost-related outcomes...

Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem with potentially fatal consequences. The prevalence of hyperkalemia is increasing, partially due to wide-scale utilization of prognostically beneficial medications that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAASi). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the multitude of risk factors for and associations with hyperkalemia. Reductions in urinary potassium excretion that occur in CKD can lead to an inability to maintain potassium homeostasis. In CKD patients, there are a variety of strategies to tackle acute and chronic hyperkalemia, including protecting myocardium from arrhythmias, shifting potassium into cells, increasing potassium excretion from the body, addressing dietary intake and treating associated conditions, which may exacerbate problems such as metabolic acidosis...

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is caused by a mutation in the apolipoprotein E gene ( APOE ) gene and is characterized by lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries. Here, we describe a case of LPG, the first to be reported from Canada and the first case of LPG in North America to be associated with the APOE Tokyo/Maebashi mutation (p.Leu162_Lys164del, traditional nomenclature 142_144del). A 49-year-old man of Chinese descent with a previous diagnosis of dyslipidemia and a new diagnosis of hypertension was found to have proteinuria on routine urinalysis...