American Journal of Cancer Research

Chemoresistance is one of the major factors for treatment failure in OSCC. Reprogramming chemoresistance cells to undergo drug induced apoptotic cell death is a feasible approach to overcome drug resistance. Cyanobacteria is considered important sources of lead compounds for the development of drugs for treating cancer chemoresistance. This study deals with the role of Tolypothrix Dichloromethane Ethyl acetate fraction (TDEF) inducing apoptosis in cisplatin resistance H357 cell (H357cisR) and the underlying mechanisms sensitizing the chemoresistance...

As the major malignant tumors in the chest, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and esophageal cancer (EC) bring huge health burden to human beings worldwide. Currently, surgery is still the mainstay for comprehensive treatment for NSCLC and EC, but the prognosis is still poor as the results of cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. Neoadjuvant therapy refers to a single or combined treatment before surgery, aiming to improve the therapeutic effects of the traditional therapies. Unfortunately, the clinical outcomes and effects of neoadjuvant therapy are still controversial due to its apparent advantages and disadvantages, and different patients may respond differentially to the same scheme of neoadjuvant therapy, which makes it urgent and necessary to develop personalized scheme of neoadjuvant therapy for different individuals...

Pyroptosis, a gasdermin-mediated lytic cell death, is a new hotspot topic in cancer research, and induction of tumor pyroptosis has emerged as a new target in cancer management. Quercetin (Que), a natural substance, demonstrates promising anticancer action. However, further information is required to fully comprehend the function and mechanism of Que in pyroptosis in colon cancer. This study revealed the underlying mechanism of Que-induced pyroptosis in colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Que inhibited colon cancer cell growth through gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis...

To investigate the correlation between nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) and cancer immunotherapy across 33 different types of human cancers. We conducted an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to retrieve gene expression data and clinical characteristics for 33 different cancer types. The immunotherapy cohorts encompassed GSE67501, GSE78220, and IMvigor210. Relevant information was extracted from the gene expression repository. We assessed the prognostic significance of NUSAP1 by examining various clinical parameters...

RNASEH1-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) divergently transcribed from the antisense strand of its neighboring protein-coding gene ribonuclease H1 (RNASEH1), has recently been demonstrated to be involved in tumor progression. However, the association between RNASEH1-AS1 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, first, the expression of RNASEH1-AS1 in HCC and its correlation with clinicopathological features, prognosis, diagnosis, immune cell infiltration of HCC patients was inspected using relevant R packages based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data...

The immune system plays a key role in detecting and fighting cancerous tumors. T cells are a crucial component in both natural and therapeutic cancer immunoediting responses, but it is unclear if they are the primary agents of these processes. In this study, patients with lung lesions detected by CT scan were selected, and their peripheral blood samples were analyzed for T cell population and serum cytokines/chemokines. T cell subtypes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD45RA, CD57, CCR7, and PD1) and serum cytokines/chemokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL9, and CXCL12) were measured by flow cytometry and analysis before surgical resection or other cancer treatments...

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, African countries have been faced with a rapid increase in morbidity and mortality due to this pathology. Management is often complicated by the high treatment costs, side effects and the increasing occurrence of resistance to treatments. The identification of new active ingredients extracted from endemic medicinal plants is definitively an interesting approach for the implementation of new therapeutic strategies: their extraction is often lower cost; their identification is based on an ethnobotanical history and a tradipratic approach; their use by low-income populations is simpler; this can help in the development of new synthetic molecules that are more active, more effective and with fewer side effects...

OBJECTIVE: mir-940 and CD47 play regulatory and immunoregulatory roles in lung cancer. While previous study found that the expression of mir-940 decreased, associated with the increasing of CD47 in lung adenocarcinoma. However, their inherent correlations remain elusive. Herein, this experiment intends to search for the relevant molecular mechanisms regulating the biological function of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: The cancer and adjacent tissue samples were collected from 20 pairs of newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients without applying radiotherapy and chemotherapy...

The ERK1/2 pathway is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and cell cycle of tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated the involvement of ERK1/2 activation on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We identified ERK1/2 phosphorylation in activated HSCs of HCC samples. We found that tumor cells promoted the migration and invasion capacity of HSCs by activating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Using high throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that ERK1/2 inhibition altered genes significantly correlated to signaling pathways involved in extracellular matrix remodeling...

Cistanche deserticola , known for its extensive history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is valued for its therapeutic properties. Recent studies have identified its anticancer capabilities, yet the mechanisms underlying these properties remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we determined that a mixture of four cistanche-derived phenylethanoid glycosides (CPhGs), echinacoside, acteoside, 2-acetylacteoside, and cistanoside A, which are among the main bioactive compounds in C. deserticola , eliminated T-cell lymphoma (TCL) cells by inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model...

The challenge of methotrexate (MTX) resistance among low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients has always been prominent. Despite the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) score of 0-4 patients comprising the majority of low-risk GTN patients, a comprehensive exploration of the prevalence and risk factors associated with MTX resistance has been limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify associated risk factors in GTN patients with a FIGO score of 0-4. Between January 2005 and December 2020, 310 low-risk GTN patients received primary MTX chemotherapy in two hospitals, with 265 having a FIGO score of 0-4...

Breast cancer (BC) remains a major disease posing a threat to women's health, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify genes associated with breast cancer and analyze their pathophysiological mechanisms based on multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR). Summary-data-based MR (SMR) was performed to estimate the causal effects of blood and breast mammary tissue expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) on BC. External validation analysis was used to validate the identified genes...

While T-cell-mediated immune responses in solid tumors have been well-established and have driven major therapeutic advances, our understanding of B-cell biology in cancer is comparatively less developed. A total of 60 lung cancer patients were included, of which 53% were diagnosed at an early stage while 47% were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of T and B cells in all blood samples, and the levels of human serum cytokines were also assessed. Compared to the control group, cancer patients showed lower frequencies of IgD+CD27+ marginal B cells and CD32+ B cells, and higher frequencies of T cells with lower CD8+ T cells and higher central memory and naïve CD4+ T cells...

Targeting immune inhibitory checkpoint (IC) pathways have attracted great attention as a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy is low in most cases, and little progress has been made in establishing biomarkers that predict the possible responses, and combination regimens that enhance the therapeutic efficacy. As a predictive biomarker, soluble forms of IC molecules have been recently highlighted. However, little is known about which IC molecules is most critically associated with the treatment resistance, and also about the biological and immunological roles of the IC molecules in GI cancer...

The presence of bone metastases (BM) in patients with lung cancer is indicative of a worse prognosis. The present study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with BM in patients with lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2019 and September 2021 were enrolled in this study. A nomogram was constructed based on the outcomes derived from univariate and multivariate analyses. Concordance index, calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the nomogram...

The pathogenesis of glioma has remained unclear. In this study, it was found that high expression of the outer dense fibers of sperm tail 3B (ODF3B) in gliomas was positively correlated with the grade of glioma. The higher the grade, the worse the prognosis. ODF3B is closely related to the growth and apoptosis of glioma. In terms of mechanism, ODF3B was found to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma through the JAK1 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. ODF3B was also found to affect the growth and apoptosis of glioma in vivo ...

Nearly twenty-five percent of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop metachronous colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after curative surgery. Hepatosteatosis is the most prevalent liver condition worldwide, but its impact on the incidence of metachronous CRLM is understudied. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of hepatic steatosis on the development of metachronous CRLM. First, a nested case-control study was conducted, enrolling stage I to III CRC patients in the National Colorectal Cancer Cohort (NCRCC) database...

Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), widely used as a substitute for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), has been detected in various environmental media. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of the toxicological properties of TCBPA is necessary. In this study, we used hepatoma and normal liver cell models in vitro to investigate the effects of TCBPA. Our findings indicate that TCBPA promotes the proliferation of liver cancer cells, as evidenced by MTT and EdU assays, and enhances the expression levels of molecules related to hepatoma proliferation...

Although epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been effective targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most advanced NSCLC inevitably develop resistance to these therapies. Combination therapies emerge as valuable approach to preventing, delaying, or overcoming disease progression. Duloxetine, an antidepressant known as a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is commonly prescribed for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy...

For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the best second-line treatment after first-line treatment with sorafenib is unclear. This study aimed to compared the efficacy of second-line regorafenib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced HCC after sorafenib therapy. This retrospective study included 89 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib, and then regorafenib (n = 58) or an ICI (n = 31). Treatment response, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the 2 groups were compared, and factors associated with post-treatment mortality or disease progression were evaluated...