Frontiers in Physiology

Sepia esculenta is a cephalopod widely distributed in the Western Pacific Ocean, and there has been growing research interest due to its high economic and nutritional value. The limited anti-stress capacity of larvae renders challenges for their adaptation to high ambient temperatures. Exposure to high temperatures produces intense stress responses, thereby affecting survival, metabolism, immunity, and other life activities. Notably, the molecular mechanisms by which larval cuttlefish cope with high temperatures are not well understood...

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Objective: The aim of this study is to acquire pulmonary CT (Computed tomography) angiographic data for the purpose of creating a three-dimensional reconstruction. Additionally, we aim to analyze the features and deviations of the branches in both pulmonary lobes. This information is intended to serve as a more comprehensive and detailed reference for medical professionals when conducting preoperative evaluations and devising surgical plans. Method: Between August 2019 and December 2021, 420 patients were selected from the thoracic surgery department at the First Hospital of Jilin University, and underwent pulmonary 64 channel contrast enhanced CT examinations (Philips ICT 256)...

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Introduction: The ideal contrast agents for ventilation SPECT and MRI are Technegas and 129 Xe gas, respectively. Despite increasing interest in the clinical utility of ventilation imaging, these modalities have not been directly compared. Therefore, our objective was to compare the ventilation defect percent (VDP) assessed by Technegas SPECT and hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI in patients scheduled to undergo lung cancer resection with and without pre-existing obstructive lung disease. Methods: Forty-one adults scheduled to undergo lung cancer resection performed same-day Technegas SPECT, hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI, spirometry, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO )...

Introduction: Lactation overnutrition is a programming agent of energy metabolism, and litter size reduction leads to the early development of obesity, which persists until adulthood. Liver metabolism is disrupted by obesity, and increased levels of circulating glucocorticoids are pointed as a possible mediator for the obesity development, since bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) can reduce obesity in different models of obesity. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolic changes and liver lipogenesis and insulin pathway induced by lactation overnutrition...

Background: The purpose of this research was to establish a safe, effective, and simple nervous system aneurysm model. This method could quickly and stably establish an exact canine tongue aneurysm model. This paper summarizes the technique and key points of the method. Methods : Under the condition of anesthesia by inhaling isoflurane with a mask, we punctured the femoral artery of the canine, and the tip of the catheter was placed in the common carotid artery for intracranial arteriography. The positions of the lingual artery, external carotid artery, and internal carotid artery were identified...

Computational models of the neuromusculoskeletal system provide a deterministic approach to investigate input-output relationships in the human motor system. Neuromusculoskeletal models are typically used to estimate muscle activations and forces that are consistent with observed motion under healthy and pathological conditions. However, many movement pathologies originate in the brain, including stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease, while most neuromusculoskeletal models deal exclusively with the peripheral nervous system and do not incorporate models of the motor cortex, cerebellum, or spinal cord...

Purpose: In the last decades, the energy cost assessment provided new insight on shuttle or constant running as training modalities. No study, though, quantified the benefit of constant/shuttle running in soccer-players and runners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify if marathon runners and soccer players present specific energy cost values related to their training experience performing constant and shuttle running. Methods: To this aim, eight runners (age 34 ± 7.30y; training experience 5...

Background: Exercise can effectively attenuate withdrawal symptoms and reduce relapse, but it is unknown whether exercise of different intensities produces different results. This study aimed to systematically review the effects of different exercise intensities on withdrawal symptoms among people with substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: Systematic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise, SUD, and abstinence symptoms were conducted via electronic databases, including PubMed, up to June 2022...

Introduction: Hyperthermia impairs various physiological functions and physical performance. We examined the effects of cutaneous administration with an over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic cream containing 20% methyl salicylate and 6% L-menthol during temperate-water immersion (TWI) for exercise-induced hyperthermia. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, twelve healthy males participated in both of two experiments. Firstly, participants underwent a 15-min TWI at 20°C with (CREAM) or without (CON) cutaneous application of an analgesic cream...

Introduction: The role of dietary fat in the evolution of cardiometabolic disorders is highly controversial. As both dietary intake and the development of cardiometabolic risk differ by sex, we evaluated sex-specific differences in the associations between dietary fats (saturated and unsaturated) and four key cardiometabolic risk factors-lipid profiles, body fat, inflammation, and glucose regulation. Methods: We included 2391 women and men aged ≥30 years in the prospective Framingham Offspring Cohort...

Introduction: The increasing burden on mental health has become a worldwide concern especially due to its substantial negative social and economic impact. The implementation of prevention actions and psychological interventions is crucial to mitigate these consequences, and evidence supporting its effectiveness would facilitate a more assertive response. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) has been proposed as a potential intervention to improve mental wellbeing through mechanisms in autonomic functioning...

Skin aging is a multifaceted process that involves intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to various structural and physiological changes in the skin. Intrinsic aging is associated with programmed aging and cellular senescence, which are caused by endogenous oxidative stress and cellular damage. Extrinsic aging is the result of environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollution, and leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately causing DNA damage and cellular dysfunction...

Macrophages play critical roles in mediating and resolving tissue injury as well as tissue remodeling during cardiorenal disease. Altered immunometabolism, particularly macrophage metabolism, is a critical underlying mechanism of immune dysfunction and inflammation, particularly in individuals with underlying metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of macrophages in cardiac and renal injury and disease. We also highlight the roles of macrophage metabolism and discuss metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, which may impair normal macrophage metabolism and thus predispose individuals to cardiorenal inflammation and injury...

Cl- channels such as the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and the Cl- permeable phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F may affect the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl- ]i ), which could act as an intracellular signal. Loss of airway expression of TMEM16A induced a massive expansion of the secretory cell population like goblet and club cells, causing differentiation into a secretory airway epithelium. Knockout of the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel TMEM16A or the phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F leads to mucus accumulation in intestinal goblet cells and airway secretory cells...

Skeletal muscle dysfunction after critical illness, defined as ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), is a complex and multifactorial syndrome that contributes significantly to long-term morbidity and reduced quality of life for ICU survivors and caregivers. Historically, research in this field has focused on pathological changes within the muscle itself, without much consideration for their in vivo physiological environment. Skeletal muscle has the widest range of oxygen metabolism of any organ, and regulation of oxygen supply with tissue demand is a fundamental requirement for locomotion and muscle function...

Objective: The present study aimed to use bedside ultrasound to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on gastric motility in patients being treated for trauma in the emergency department. Methods: Fifty patients underwent an ultrasound immediately after attending the emergency department of Zhang Zhou Hospital due to trauma. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a metoclopramide group (group M, n = 25) and a normal saline group (group S, n = 25). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (T = time)...

Ceramidases (CDases) are vital sphingolipid enzymes involved in organismal growth and development. They have been reported as key mediators of thermal stress response. However, whether and how CDase responds to heat stress in insects remain unclear. Herein, we identified two CDase genes, C. lividipennis alkaline ceramidase ( ClAC ) and neutral ceramidase ( ClNC ), by searching the transcriptome and genome databases of the mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis , an important natural predator of planthoppers. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that both ClNC and ClAC were highly expressed in nymphs than in adults...

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