Stem Cells International

Intestinal epithelial dysfunction is critical in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, most cellular experiments related to epithelial barrier studies in IBD have been based on tumor cell line that lack a variety of intestinal epithelial cell types. Thus, intestinal organoids can present the three-dimensional structure and better simulate the physiological structure and function of the intestinal epithelium in vitro . Here, the crypts were isolated from the small intestine of mice; with the participation of major cytokines (EGF, Noggin, and R-Spondin 1 included), the intestinal organoids were established at a density of 100 crypts per well, containing intestinal stem cells (ISC), Paneth cells, goblet cells, and intestinal endocrine cells...

METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in five databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords up to 21 June 2022. Human studies including patients aged over 18 years with all forms of periodontitis were included. Following the risk of bias assessment, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of twelve studies were included in qualitative analysis and six of them in quantitative analyses...

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered ideal cell sources for the regeneration of periodontal and alveolar bone tissue. Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA ( CYTOR ), a newly discovered long noncoding RNA, has been reported to function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and to be involved in many biological processes. However, its roles in PDLSC osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. Here, we firstly found CYTOR was mainly sublocalized in the cytoplasm of PDLSCs and CYTOR expression was increased during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs...

BACKGROUND: Necroptosis is progressively becoming an important focus of research because of its role in the pathogenesis of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. Our study is designed to anticipate the survival time of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) by constructing a prognostic signature of necroptosis-related genes. MATERIALS: Clinical information and RNA-seq data were acquired from Renal Cell Cancer-European Union (RECA-EU) and The Cancer Genome Atlas- (TCGA-) KIRC, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide. As conventional biomarkers cannot clearly define the heterogeneity of CRC, it is essential to establish novel prognostic models. METHODS: For the training set, data pertaining to mutations, gene expression profiles, and clinical parameters were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Consensus clustering analysis was used to identify the CRC immune subtypes. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune heterogeneity across different CRC subgroups...

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most important component of central nervous system (CNS) to keep toxins and pathogens from CNS. Although our studies demonstrated that using interleukin-6 antibodies (IL-6-AB) reversed the increased permeability of BBB, IL-6-AB is limited in their application that only could be used a few hours before surgery and seemed delayed the surgical wounds healing process, which urges us to find another more effective method. In this study, we employed the C57BL/6J female mice to investigate the potential effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation on BBB dysfunction induced by surgical wound...

Human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) and their secreted small extracellular vesicles (EVs) had been proven to relieve inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis in various organs. The microenvironment induced by inflammatory cytokines can promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to secrete more substances (including EVs) that could regulate inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic intestinal inflammation, the etiology and mechanism of which are unclear. At present, the existing therapeutic methods are ineffective for many patients and have obvious side effects...

It is unclear whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a direct protective effect on pancreatic islets. In addition, whether culturing MSCs in three dimensions (3D) instead of a monolayer (2D) can induce changes in the cargo of EVs that facilitate the polarization of macrophages into an M2 phenotype has not been investigated. We sought to determine whether EVs from MSCs cultured in 3D can prevent inflammation and dedifferentiation in pancreatic islets and, if so, whether the protective effect is superior to that of EVs from 2D MSCs...

BACKGROUND: Obesity-related diseases have important implications for the occurrence, severity, and outcome of ischemic heart disease. Patients with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (metabolic syndrome) are at increased risk of heart attack with decreased plasma lipocalin levels, and lipocalin is negatively correlated with heart attack incidence. APPL1 is a signaling protein with multiple functional structural domains and plays an important role in the APN signaling pathway...

Stroke has become the most common cause of death among residents in China, among which ischemic stroke accounts for the vast majority reaching 70% to 80%. It is of great importance to actively investigate the protective mechanism of cerebral ischemia injury after IS (ischemic stroke). We constructed cerebral ischemia injury models in vivo MACO rat and in vitro (oxygen-glucose deprivation cell model) and set up different interference groups. RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) was conducted to detect the expression of lncRNA in neuronal cells, brain tissue, and plasma of different groups, and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and western blot were used to detect the expression of the protein in neuronal cells, brain tissue, and plasma of different groups...

The effects of the regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) by microribonucleic acid- (miR-) 455-3p on bone marrow stem cells' (BMSCs') chondrogenic development were examined based on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathway. The alterations in miR-455-3p and PTEN were identified using osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy chondrocytes. Rats raised on the SD diet had their BMSCs isolated for chondrocyte-induced differentiation (blank group), transfected miR-455-3p mimic (mimic group), and inhibitor (inhibitor group)...

BACKGROUND: Intestinal fibrosis, one of the complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with fistula and intestinal stricture formation. There are currently no treatments for fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been proven to exert inhibitory and reversal effects in IBD and other organ fibrosis. In this study, we explored the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) in IBD-related fibrosis and its associated mechanism to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of IBD-related intestinal fibrosis...

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from ginseng with various pharmacological effects, which might facilitate the biological behavior of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hAD-MSCs). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Rg1 on the biological behavior, such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine, of hAD-MSCs. hAD-MSCs were isolated from human amnions. The effects of Rg1 on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine of hAD-MSCs were detected by CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, SA- β -Gal staining, wound healing, and ELISA assays, respectively...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the core factors leading to recurrence, insensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and immunotherapy resistance in patients with colorectal cancer. AT7867, a potent oral AKT inhibitor, was found to have antitumor activity in colorectal cancer; however, the effect on colorectal cancer stem cells is still unclear. This study was conducted to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the CSC growth inhibitory effects of AT7867. We cultured colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) in a serum-free medium and enriched colorectal cancer stem cells...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues in adults and differentiated into cells of the osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Recruitments of MSCs towards tumors have a crucial contribution to tumor development. However, the role of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment is uncertain. In addition, due to its tropism to the tumor and low immunogenic properties, more and more pieces of evidence indicate that MSCs may be an ideal carrier for antitumor biologics such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic agents, and oncolytic viruses...

The purpose of this work was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which USP21 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor growth and cancer cell stemness. In this study, the USP21 transcript data was obtained from TCGA database. Then, qPCR and western blot tests revealed that, in contrast to normal tissue or normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, the expression of USP21 was greater in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues or cell lines, respectively. CCK-8 and EdU immunofluorescent staining assays revealed that USP21 promoted the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells...

BACKGROUND: Pyroptosis is closely related to the programmed death of cancer cells as well as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) via the host-tumor crosstalk. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes as prognosis and TIME-related biomarkers in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients remains unknown. METHODS: We evaluated the expression profiles, copy number variations, and somatic mutations (CNVs) of 27 genes obtained from MSigDB database regulating pyroptosis among TCGA-SKCM patients...

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at discussing the value of RNA interference technology on inhibiting lacrimal gland fibrosis in IgG4-related ocular disease (IgG4-ROD). METHODS: Six patients with IgG4-ROD who came to the hospital for surgical treatment from October 2018 to August 2019 were selected, and their diseased lacrimal glands were taken for primary cell culture and fibroblast identification. High efficiency and specificity small interference RNA (siRNA) plasmid vector was constructed, its inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, and the appropriate concentration was selected as the siRNA concentration for subsequent experiments...

The nucleus pulposus is an elastic jelly composed of crisscross fibrous reticular structures, namely, chondrocytes and proteoglycan mucoid matrix. Embryo and adult SC can resist the accumulation of genetic damage and repair them through various DNA repair mechanisms, thus preventing them from spreading to daughter cells. Fresh medullary tissue was fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 4 m. The nucleus pulposus was stained with HE, and its degeneration was observed under light microscope...

Cell-based regenerative therapy utilizes the differentiation potential of stem cells to rejuvenate tissues. But the dynamic fate of stem cells is calling for precise control to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. Stem cell fate is regulated by specific conditions called "microenvironments." Among the various factors in the microenvironment, the cell-surface glycan acts as a mediator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and manipulates the behavior of cells. Herein, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an easy but powerful technology for remodeling the structure of glycan...