Journal of Thoracic Disease

BACKGROUND: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), especially on the left side, is particularly vulnerable during lung operations. Therefore, continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (cIONM) would be desirable. With the use of a double-lumen tube (DLT) for single-lung ventilation, there is some uncertainty where the recording electrode should be positioned. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of this technique and to predict the ideal position of a single recording electrode...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses several diverse pulmonary pathologies that result in abnormal diffuse parenchymal changes. When prescribing rehabilitation, several additional factors need to be considered as a result of aging, polypharmacy, and comorbidities manifested in ILD patients. This review aims to discuss issues related to frailty, skeletal muscle and cognitive function that limit physical activities in ILD patients. It will also highlight exercise training and propose complementary strategies for pulmonary rehabilitation...

BACKGROUND: There is not sufficient evidence of the superiority of hybrid procedures over total arch replacement (TAR) for the aortic arch aneurysm of an elderly patients. This retrospective study aimed to compare total arch replacement and hybrid procedures for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms in patients aged ≥75. METHODS: This study was a multicenter retrospective investigation of peri-operative outcomes of patients undergoing aortic arch aneurysm repair using either TAR or hybrid procedures between January 2012 and May 2021...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Early cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) may predict the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, data from CPET to assess the exercise capacity of patients with AMI PCI are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the CPET and assess the predictors and clinical influence of exercise capacity measured by CPET in patients with AMI within 1 week after PCI. METHODS: A total of 275 patients with AMI who underwent PCI in the acute phase were selected...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge. Macrophages (Macs) are one important component of tumor microenvironments (TMEs); however, their prognostic relevance to lung cancer is currently unknown due to the complexity of their phenotypes. METHODS: In the present study, reanalysis and atlas reconstruction of downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data were used to systematically compare the component and transcriptional changes in Mac subtypes across different stages of lung cancer...

BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) has revolutionized the diagnostic and staging approach to non-small cell carcinoma and thoracic lymphadenopathy. However, obstacles to efficacy of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of the samples include variability in sample quality and slow and cumbersome process in the procedure room leading to extended procedure time. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and specimen quality of lymph node biopsies prepared through a novel automated system for automated fixation, drying and staining compared to standard slide preparation method...

BACKGROUND: In patients with multiple trauma, a supine chest radiography [chest X-ray (CXR)] is preferred over a erect CXR. However, this method has limitations in detecting post-traumatic pneumothorax. The use of chest computed tomography (CT) to detect traumatic pneumothorax is well known. However, pneumothorax that is not detected before a chest CT scan is known as an occult pneumothorax (OP), and it can cause serious complications in the patient. This study sought to evaluate the frequency and risk factors for OP in trauma patients...

BACKGROUND: Lung large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (L-LCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumor. There is currently no standard therapeutic regimen, and systemic chemotherapy results in poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of L-LCNEC, the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain unclear. METHODS: This study included 34 L-LCNEC patients administered ICIs at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, from February 6, 2018 to February 6, 2023...

BACKGROUND: The role for radiotherapy or surgery in the upfront management of brain metastases (BrM) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant ( EGFR m) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation positive ( ALK +) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is uncertain because of a lack of prospective evidence supporting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy. Further understanding of practice heterogeneity is necessary to guide collaborative efforts in establishing guideline recommendations...

BACKGROUND: Cancer pain is a common symptom in cancer patients. However, few reports have evaluated the effect of baseline cancer pain on the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. The aim of this retrospective study is to reveal the effect of baseline cancer pain on the prognosis of lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of lung cancer patients who received immunotherapy at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and were included 280 patients with or without baseline cancer pain...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is caused by mutations in the KCNH2 /human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG). Some hERG genetic mutation-associated diseases are alleviated by hERG-specific drug chaperones (glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, trimethylamine N-oxide, thapsigargin), delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) blockers methanesulfonanilide E4031, the antihistamine astemizole, or the prokinetic drug cisapride, and the anti-arrhythmic drug quinidine. Meanwhile, many in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the efficacy of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in diseases with inherited genetic mutations...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common clinical problem. While lead toxicity is known to affect the nervous, hematopoietic system, skeletal, and cardiovascular system, the relationship between blood lead levels and VTE remains unclear. This study explored whether there is a correlation between the levels of serum lead and VTE through a retrospective analysis based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), so as to provide a reference for follow-up research and clinical practice...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: After primary mitral valve (MV) repair, residual mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and recurred mitral valve stenosis (MS) are the principal occurrences. This study's purpose is to identify the risk factors of MV dysfunction, reoperation and death following repair of primary MV diseases. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 98 patients (47 males and 51 females) with primary MV diseases between January 2013 and December 2021. The median age was 34 months [interquartile range (IQR), 11...

BACKGROUND: As the first line of defense, epithelial cells play a vital role in the initiation and control of both innate and adaptive immunity, which participate in the development of disease. Despite its therapeutic significance, little is understood about the specific interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and lung epithelial cells. METHODS: In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of the virulence and infection mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K...

BACKGROUND: Single or combined basal segmentectomy (CBS), excluding common basal segmentectomy, is the most difficult of all types of segmentectomies. The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes and oncological prognosis between uniport thoracoscopic basal segmentectomy (UTBS) and triport thoracoscopic basal segmentectomy (TTBS). METHODS: This study retrospectively collected 300 patients who underwent thoracoscopic single or CBS at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2015 to May 2022, including 67 and 233 patients in the UTBS and TTBS groups, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Although current research revealed the preoperative diameter of the aorta is related to aortic remodeling, prognosis should consider the true lumen (TL) and false lumen (FL) respectively too. METHODS: The cohort of this retrospective analysis included 161 type A aortic dissection (TAAD) patients who underwent surgery at a single institution from September 1, 2017, to September 1, 2018. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) images were reviewed to assess changes of the diameters of the TL, FL and total aorta at the levels of the stented segment, distal end of the stent, celiac trunk, and below the renal artery...