Insights Into Imaging

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of radiomic analysis on [18 F]FDG and [18 F]FLT PET on the differentiation of [18 F]FDG-avid benign and malignant pulmonary nodules (PNs). METHODS: Data of 113 patients with inconclusive PNs based on preoperative [18 F]FDG PET/CT who underwent additional [18 F]FLT PET/CT scans within a week were retrospectively analyzed in the present study. Three methods of analysis including visual analysis, radiomic analysis based on [18 F]FDG PET/CT images alone, and radiomic analysis based on dual-tracer PET/CT images were evaluated for differential diagnostic value of benign and malignant PNs...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate scoring systems for predicting complicated appendicitis in adults diagnosed with acute appendicitis on computed tomography. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-five consecutive adult patients (mean age 51.9 ± 19.6 years, 212 women) diagnosed with acute appendicitis on computed tomography were retrospectively included. Clinical and imaging findings were compared between patients with and without complicated appendicitis, and independent associations were identified...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate computed tomography-based thermography (CTT) for ablation zone prediction in microwave ablation (MWA). METHODS: CTT was investigated during MWA in an in vivo porcine liver. For CTT, serial volume scans were acquired every 30 s during ablations and every 60 s immediately after MWA. After the procedure, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was performed. After euthanasia, the liver was removed for sampling and further examination...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expressing cytokeratin (CK) 7 or CK19 has a cholangiocyte phenotype that stimulates HCC proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib therapy resistance This study aims to noninvasively predict cholangiocyte phenotype-positive HCC and assess its prognosis after hepatectomy. METHODS: Between January 2010 and May 2022, preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI was performed on consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy and had pathologically confirmed solitary HCC...

OBJECTIVES: Nasal polyp (NP) and inverted papilloma (IP) are two common types of nasal masses. And their differentiation is essential for determining optimal surgical strategies and predicting outcomes. Thus, we aimed to develop several radiomic models to differentiate them based on computed tomography (CT)-extracted radiomic features. METHODS: A total of 296 patients with nasal polyps or papillomas were enrolled in our study. Radiomics features were extracted from non-contrast CT images...

BACKGROUND: To assess the frequency of appearance of various signs (isolated and grouped) in emergency imaging tests in patients with anisakiasis, according to the location of gastrointestinal tract involvement. METHODS: Retrospective review by two experienced radiologists of emergency ultrasounds and CTs performed on patients admitted in the Emergency Department of our hospital with later confirmed anisakiasis (2010-2021), assessing the presence of signs suggesting anisakiasis...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate if artificial medical images can blend with original ones and whether they adhere to the variable anatomical constraints provided. METHODS: Artificial images were generated with a generative model trained on publicly available standard and low-dose chest CT images (805 scans; 39,803 2D images), of which 17% contained evidence of pathological formations (lung nodules). The test set (90 scans; 5121 2D images) was used to assess if artificial images (512 × 512 primary and control image sets) blended in with original images, using both quantitative metrics and expert opinion...

OBJECTIVES: Development of automated segmentation models enabling standardized volumetric quantification of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) from native volumes and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) from subtraction volumes of dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Subsequent assessment of the developed models in the context of FGT and BPE Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)-compliant classification. METHODS: For the training and validation of attention U-Net models, data coming from a single 3...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of surgical interventions, whether direct or indirect, for Moyamoya disease (MMD) remains controversial. This study aims to investigate CT perfusion (CTP) as an objective method to evaluate the outcomes of different surgical modalities for adult MMD. METHODS: The clinical and imaging data of 41 patients who underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and 43 who received encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) were retrospectively analyzed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the optimal parameters of spectral CT for preferably visualizing the periprosthetic vasculature and metal artifact reduction (MAR) in total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: A total of 34 THA of 30 patients were retrospectively included. Image reconstructions included conventional image (CI), CI combined with MAR (CIMAR ), and virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) combined with MAR (VMIMAR ) at 50-120 keV. The attenuation and standard deviation of the vessel and artifact, and the width of artifact were measured...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease involving medium and small bile ducts that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. To date, the pathogenesis of PBC remains elusive, and there is currently no curative medical treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, as common technical tools that allow non-invasive monitoring of liver tissue in vivo, play crucial roles in the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis prediction in PBC by enabling assessment of abnormalities in liver morphology and parenchyma, irregular configuration of bile ducts, lymphadenopathy, portal hypertension, and complications of cirrhosis...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of body composition parameters based on computed tomography (CT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received ICI treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the data from advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI therapy between 2013 and 2019. We included patients with NSCLC who underwent baseline CT scans. The exclusion criteria included patients who received three or more lines of chemotherapy, those with insufficient clinical information, or those without treatment response evaluation...

OBJECTIVE: To construct a simplified grading system based on MRI features to predict positive surgical margin (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Patients who had undergone prostate MRI followed by RP between January 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively enrolled as the derivation group, and those between February 2021 and November 2022 were enrolled as the validation group. One radiologist evaluated tumor-related MRI features, including the capsule contact length (CCL) of lesions, frank extraprostatic extension (EPE), apex abutting, etc...

PURPOSE: To re-assess cardiovascular metrics on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in predicting pulmonary hypertension (PH) under the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study retrospectively included 272 patients (female 143, mean age = 54.9 ± 12.5 years old) with suspected PH. 218 patients were grouped to evaluate cardiovascular metrics on CTPA and develop a binary logistic regression model...

This opinion piece reviews major reasons for promoting lung cancer screening in at-risk women who are smokers or ex-smokers, from the age of 50. The epidemiology of lung cancer in European women is extremely worrying, with lung cancer mortality expected to surpass breast cancer mortality in most European countries. There are conflicting data as to whether women are at increased risk of developing lung cancer compared to men who have a similar tobacco exposure. The sharp increase in the incidence of lung cancer in women exceeds the increase in their smoking exposure which is in favor of greater susceptibility...

High-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities are commonly seen on CT. These findings are increasingly encountered with the growing number of CT examinations and the wide availability of thin-slice images. The abnormalities include benign lesions, such as infectious granulomatous diseases and metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors, such as lung cancers and metastatic tumors. Due to the wide spectrum of diseases, the proper diagnosis of high-attenuation abnormalities can be challenging. The assessment of these abnormal findings requires scrutiny, and the treatment is imperative...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of flexion-abduction-external rotation (FABER) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip to visualize changes in the ischiofemoral interval and ability to provoke foveal excursion over the acetabular rim. METHODS: IRB-approved retrospective single-center study. Patients underwent non-contrast 1.5-T hip MRI in the neutral and FABER position. Two readers measured the ischiofemoral interval at three levels: proximal/distal intertrochanteric distance and ischiofemoral space...