International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and chronic, severe complication of diabetes, representing a serious global health concern. Early detection of DN is essential for initiating timely and effective therapeutic interventions and accurately assessing prognosis. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a low molecular weight protein, has emerged as a potential biomarker for DN due to its association with renal injury and its ability to provide early indications of kidney damage...

OBJECTIVES: Accumulative effects of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon could result in various toxicities. This study evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to low doses of nickel and benzo [a] anthracene on the kidney of rats, simulating human exposure through food. METHODS: Thirty-six (36) Male rats weighing between 80-100 g were assigned into six groups of 6 animals each; Group A (normal), Group B1 and B2 (fed nickel contaminated feed for 12 and 24 weeks), Group C1 and C2 (fed benzo [a] anthracene contaminated feed for 12 and 24 weeks)...

OBJECTIVES: Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) 2B (JMJD2B) is a transcriptional cofactor and histone demethylase that is involved in prostate cancer formation. However, how its function is regulated by posttranslational modification has remained elusive. Hence, we examined if JMJD2B would be regulated by lysine methylation. METHODS: Through in vitro methylation assays and Western blotting with methyl-lysine specific antibodies, we analyzed lysine methylation within JMJD2B...

BACKGROUND: Phospholipids are highly diverse molecules with pleiotropic biological roles, from membrane components and signaling molecules, whose composition can change in response to both endogenous and external stimuli. Recent lipidomic studies on edible bivalve mollusks were focused on lipid nutritional value and growth requirements. However, no data are available on phospholipid profiles during bivalve larval development. In the model marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis , early larvae (up to 48 hours post fertilization-hpf) undergo dramatic molecular and functional changes, including shell biogenesis and neurogenesis, that are sustained by egg lipid reserves...

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient data on the prevalence and consequences of eating disorders in Type 2 diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of eating disorders (ED) and their association with glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 145 patients was conducted in the medicine outpatient unit of HAHC Hospital, Jamia Hamdard tertiary care center...

Metagenomics is defined as the study of the genome of the total microbiota found in nature and is often referred to as microbial environmental genomics because it entails the examination of a group of genetic components (genomes) from a diverse community of organisms in a particular setting. It is a sub-branch of omics technology that encompasses Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and various components associated with comprehensive analysis of all aspects of biological molecules in a system-wide manner...

UNLABELLED: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, is observed in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the potential association of the apolipoprotein M ( APOM ) polymorphisms rs707921, rs805264, rs805296, rs805297, and rs9404941 in childhood-onset T1DM ( n = 144) and compared them to those in healthy (mostly Euro-Brazilian) children ( n = 168). METHODS: This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Parana (CAAE 24676613...

BACKGROUND: The diverse nature of carbohydrate structures and linkages requires a variety of enzymes responsible for sugar degradation. The E. coli periplasmic protein encoded by the bglX gene has been assigned to glycoside hydrolase family 3 and is predicted to function as a β-glucosidase. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the catalytic properties of the E. coli protein BglX and identified two functionally important amino acid residues. METHODS: The bglX gene was cloned into a pET20b(+) vector, and three mutants, D111N, D287G, and E293Q, were generated using site-directed mutagenesis...

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a condition in which nerve fibers are continually exposed to high glucose-induced free radicals. Recent discoveries demonstrated that melatonin is an indole hormone that contributes to neuroprotection through the modulation of autophagy. Herein, this study aims to examine the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on Schwann cells under high glucose conditions. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability. The activation of autophagosomes was determined using acridine orange staining (AO)...

INTRODUCTION: New biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin family, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) have been utilised in recent years to identify the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, attempts to use them as broad markers to check for renal injury in patients and to pinpoint the kidney injury site have been unsuccessful. Therefore the search for an ideal panel of biomarkers predicting progression of CKD is still ongoing...

INTRODUCTION: In Ghana, Corchorus olitorius, Solanum macrocarpon and Amaranthus cruentus are green leafy vegetables that are customarily eaten together with a starchy staple food. The present study aimed at assessing the ethanolic leaf extract of C. olitorius , S. macrocarpon and A. cruentus for antioxidant capacity, phytochemical property, nutritional and anti-nutrient content. METHOD: Phytochemical constituent and proximate analysis were determined using standard protocols...

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections are serious complications in neutropenic cancer patients. There has been a universal pickup in multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. For individuals who are at high risk for infections caused by MDR bacteria, a novel de-escalation strategy has been developed. Determine the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance pattern in febrile neutropenic cancer patients was the goal of this investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2019 to 2020, 60 cancer patients with febrile neutropenia who were sent to Isfahan's Omid Hospital were included in this retrospective analysis...

BACKGROUND: Acute paracetamol toxicity is a common and potentially life-threatening emergency causing liver failure that may necessitate liver transplantation. Unfortunately, current therapies are still defective. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effects exerted by Aleppo galls (Quercus infectoria Olivier) extract against acute paracetamol toxicity in mice. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen mice were divided into three experimental groups, each included six mice in each group...

BACKGROUND: Afzelia africana is a tropical plant with numerous ethno-medicinal benefits. The plant has been used for the treatment of pain, hernia, fever, malaria, inflammation and microbial infections. OBJECTIVES: To perform bioassay-guided fractionation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the bark of Afzelia africana . METHODS: Column chromatography fractionation, antioxidant activity (% (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity))), antimicrobial activity (microbroth dilution: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), MBC/MIC ratio), and synergistic activities (Checkerboard assay: Fraction Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI))...

BACKGROUND: Rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in neonates and young children worldwide. Human rotaviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in neonates and young children worldwide. The immunochromatography test is frequently used in clinical practice to detect rotavirus infection. When the immunochromatography test is incorrectly positive, there may be a discrepancy between the two tests, the immunochromatography test and the nucleic acid test...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is associated with higher mortality rates in patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, and laboratory and imaging data of patients with solid tumor infected with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study performed in 2020-2022 on 85 patients with a previous diagnosis of solid tumors infected with COVID-19. We included all patients with tumors of solid organs that were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and required hospitalization those patients previously hospitalized for treatments and were infected with COVID-19 during hospitalization...

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OBJECTIVE: In 2022, monkeypox becomes a new global public health threat. Monkeypox has been present in Africa for a very long time. The COVID-19 epidemic has been affecting this region for some years. The outbreak state persists. The coexistence of the two diseases is an intriguing discovery. There is no documentation of the co-occurrence. METHODS: The possibility of coexisting of the two lethal illnesses, monkeypox and COVID-19, is an intriguing scientific subject...

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are important components of the innate immune system which provide the first line of defense against invading microbes. There are four members in the family of PGRPs in animals of which PGRP-S is a common domain. It is responsible for the binding to microbial cell wall molecules. In order to understand the mode of binding of PGRP-S to the components of the bacterial cell wall, the structure of the complex of camel PGRP-S (CPGRP-S) with heptanoic acid has been determined at 2...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safe dose range of Clerodendrum viscosum (C. viscosum) and Leucas indica (L. indica) ethanolic leaf extracts of acute and chronic oral toxicity study in Swiss Albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline was used for the toxicity studies. C. viscosum and L. indica plant extract were administered orally in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were studied for 72 h...