Arab Journal of Nephrology and Transplantation

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INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common infections among hemodialysis (HD) patients. It continues to be exasperating problem in many HD centers, in spite of strictly following infection and quality control measures. METHODS: This is a multi-center retrospective comparative study, carried out in different HD units of Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Patients who were HCV negative on starting HD were divided into two groups; Group-1 included patients who remained negative for HCV and group-2 included patients who seroconverted to HCV positive status during dialysis...

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to study the demographic and social characteristics of 189 living related kidney donors in Tunisia, and explore some of the social consequences of kidney donation. METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective study of 189 living related kidney donors who had their nephrectomy in Charles Nicolle Hospital between 1986 and 2009. The demographic and social characteristics at the time of donation were studied and changes in the social and occupational status after donation were assessed...

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unpredictable autoimmune systemic disorder that often involves the kidney. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, pathological findings, and therapeutic response of children presenting with lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 50 children with SLE admitted to the pediatric nephrology departments of four teaching hospitals in Baghdad between December 2009 and December 2011...

INTRODUCTION: Hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder that can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). It can be either inherited or acquired. Primary hyperoxaluria (PHO) is more common and characterized by an excessive production of oxalate leading to recurrent urolithiasis and progressive nephrocalcinosis. Due to the high rate of consanguineous marriage in Jordan this disease is commonly diagnosed in pediatric nephrology clinics. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical pattern and progression to ESRD in pediatric patients with hyperoxaluria at Queen Rania Abdulla Children Hospital...

INTRODUCTION: C4d immunostaining of renal allograft biopsies is recommended for the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), but it was not available to us prior to June 2012. In June 2012, we were able to obtain anti-human C4d polyclonal antibody and decided to retrospectively evaluate archived kidney allograft biopsies at our center for C4d deposition. METHODS: Twenty-four paraffin blocks were available for this study. Immunostaining for C4d was performed using anti-human C4d polyclonal antibody by Immunohistochemistry...

INTRODUCTION: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is an uncommon acute infection characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma. It is extremely rare in hemodialysis (HD) patients and diabetics account for most cases. It is a rapidly progressive and life threatening infection with a high mortality rate. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a HD patient who was treated successfully with radical nephrectomy and antibiotic therapy. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old diabetic male with end stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy and on maintenance HD for the last five years presented with a two weeks history of fever and loin pain...

INTRODUCTION: Acute post streptococcal glomerulo-nephritis (APSGN) is a form of acute nephritic syndrome characterized by edema, hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. The immediate prognosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children is usually excellent, however, the long-term prognosis has been a subject of debate. METHODS: This is a retrospective and prospective cohort study of Sudanese children with APSGN followed in a tertiary care hospital between 2006 and 2010...

INTRODUCTION: The recognition of antibody mediated rejection has led to re-appreciation of the role of B cells in acute and chronic allograft rejection. The presence of CD20 positive lymphocytic infiltrates in acute cellular rejection has been associated with poor clinical outcomes and reduced graft survival. Recently molecular gene analysis has shown that grafts with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) have lower expression of CD20. METHODS: We reviewed 28 renal allograft biopsies, including 13 biopsies from patients who experienced acute ABMR and a matched group of 15 patients with acute T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) to serve as controls...

INTRODUCTION: Uremia is the most important systemic cause of pruritus. Uremic pruritus (UP) was found to affect 50-90% of patients undergoing dialysis and about 25% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite its high prevalence, morbidity and the marked influence on quality of life, UP remains poorly characterized. REVIEW: Triggering factors for UP may include cutaneous xerosis, uremic toxins, systemic inflammation and associated common co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, endocrinopathies,viral hepatitis and somatic neuropathy...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death among renal transplant recipients; renal graft dysfunction has special effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. REVIEW: Several studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between creatinine level and major coronary events, congestive heart failure and cerebrovascular events. Cardiovascular mortality has been related in different reports to serum creatinine levels and duration on renal replacement therapy...

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INTRODUCTION: Childhood renal diseases are increasing in Nigeria. It is necessary to monitor the nature of these diseases in each locality for effective health care planning. Our aim was to document the nature of renal diseases in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria and compare it with other regions in the country. METHODS: We reviewed the documents of all children presenting with renal diseases between January 2010 and December 2012 to the Delta State University Teaching Hospital in Oghara and GN Children's Clinic in Warri, the two major pediatric nephrology service providers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria...

INTRODUCTION: Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a common complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. In this study we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of CVS among hemodialysis (HD) patients in a single center in Sudan, using Doppler ultrasound as a screening tool. METHODS: The study included 106 prevalent HD patients. For every patient, we performed Duplex Doppler for the right and left jugular, subclavian and femoral veins. A patient was considered to have hemodynamically significant stenosis if the pre-stenosis to the post-stenosis velocities ratio was ≥ 2...

INTRODUCTION: Senior-Loken syndrome is a rare entity that combines familial nephronophthisisand retinal dystrophy. It has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is characterized by a chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis that progress to terminal renal failure during the first or second decades of life. Systemic associations of this syndrome include sensorineural hearing loss, liver fibrosis or cerebral vermis hypoplasia. Acute pancreatitis has not been previously reported in this syndrome...

INTRODUCTION: Rare cases of association between lupus nephritis (LN) and minimal changes nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were described. Some authors suggest that this association, taking into account the low prevalence of both diseases, may not be a simple coincidence. Several pathophysiological hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association, including a potential central role of T lymphocytes. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 21 years-old female patient who initially presented with isolated nephrotic range proteinuria...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are significant causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. Some of these abnormalities, when identified early, are amenable to treatment. In developing countries, very few published reports exist concerning the pattern and scope of CAKUT in childhood. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all patients with confirmed Pelvi-Ureteric Junction (PUJ) obstruction who were diagnosed antenatally with hydronephrosis between Jan 2002 and Dec 2007 at the Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town...

INTRODUCTION: The water used for dilution of hemodialysis concentrates has to meet official quality recommendations regarding microbiology and chemical parameters. To avoid chemical use and to simplify treatments, hot water has been used to control microbial contamination of water distribution systems. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of heat disinfection in maintaining the quality of dialysis water generated by reverse osmosis (RO). METHODS: During the first part of the study, we consecutively used (1) continuous water circulation, (2) daily heat disinfection and (3) a combination of daily heat disinfection and weekly chemical disinfection while checking bacterial count and endotoxin level every 4-5 weeks...

INTRODUCTION: The term hypertensive nephrosclerosis has traditionally been used to describe a clinical syndrome characterized by long-term essential hypertension, hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, minimal proteinuria, and progressive renal insufficiency. In the absence of renal biopsy, the diagnosis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis is one of exclusion. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 735 patients who had renal biopsies at Ain Shams University Hospitals between January 2008 and Dec 2010...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has adverse consequences on almost all body systems. The kidney does not function merely as an excretory organ, but participates in normal erythropoiesis, normal bone mineral deposition and blood pressure regulation. REVIEW: Anemia is prevalent in CKD with known deleterious effects on the car diovascular system. It is mostly due to erythropoietin deficiency, inhibition of erythropoiesis by uremic solutes, and reduction in red blood cell life span...