journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900421/dna-methylation-and-prospects-for-predicting-the-therapeutic-effect-of-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-for-triple-negative-and-luminal-b-breast-cancer
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vladimir O Sigin, Alexey I Kalinkin, Alexandra F Nikolaeva, Ekaterina O Ignatova, Ekaterina B Kuznetsova, Galina G Chesnokova, Nikolai V Litviakov, Matvey M Tsyganov, Marina K Ibragimova, Ilya I Vinogradov, Maxim I Vinogradov, Igor Y Vinogradov, Dmitry V Zaletaev, Marina V Nemtsova, Sergey I Kutsev, Alexander S Tanas, Vladimir V Strelnikov
Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), the main cause of deaths is resistance to existing therapies. An approach to improve the effectiveness of therapy in patients with aggressive BC subtypes is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Yet, the response to NACT for aggressive subtypes is less than 65% according to large clinical trials. An obvious fact is the lack of biomarkers predicting the therapeutic effect of NACT. In a search for epigenetic markers, we performed genome-wide differential methylation screening by XmaI-RRBS in cohorts of NACT responders and nonresponders, for triple-negative (TN) and luminal B tumors...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900420/predictive-biomarkers-for-checkpoint-inhibitor-immune-related-adverse-events
#2
REVIEW
Iñigo Les, Mireia Martínez, Inés Pérez-Francisco, María Cabero, Lucía Teijeira, Virginia Arrazubi, Nuria Torrego, Ana Campillo-Calatayud, Iñaki Elejalde, Grazyna Kochan, David Escors
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antagonists of inhibitory receptors in the immune system, such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, the programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and they are increasingly used in cancer treatment. By blocking certain suppressive pathways, ICIs promote T-cell activation and antitumor activity but may induce so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which mimic traditional autoimmune disorders. With the approval of more ICIs, irAE prediction has become a key factor in improving patient survival and quality of life...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900419/a-comprehensive-review-of-prognostic-factors-in-patients-with-gastric-adenocarcinoma
#3
REVIEW
Styliani Mantziari, Penelope St Amour, Francesco Abboretti, Hugo Teixeira-Farinha, Sergio Gaspar Figueiredo, Caroline Gronnier, Dimitrios Schizas, Nicolas Demartines, Markus Schäfer
Gastric adenocarcinoma remains associated with a poor long-term survival, despite recent therapeutical advances. In most parts of the world where systematic screening programs do not exist, diagnosis is often made at advanced stages, affecting long-term prognosis. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that a large bundle of factors, ranging from the tumor microenvironment to patient ethnicity and variations in therapeutic strategy, play an important role in patient outcome. A more thorough understanding of these multi-faceted parameters is needed in order to provide a better assessment of long-term prognosis in these patients, which probably also require the refinement of current staging systems...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900418/dna-repair-deficiency-regulates-immunity-response-in-cancers-molecular-mechanism-and-approaches-for-combining-immunotherapy
#4
REVIEW
Yi Xu, Somaira Nowsheen, Min Deng
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900417/pro-apoptotic-and-anti-cancer-activity-of-the-vernonanthura-nudiflora-hydroethanolic-extract
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Almog Nadir, Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine, Swaroop Kumar Pandey, Juan Ortas, Daniel Kerekes, Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein is involved in several essential cancer hallmarks, including energy and metabolism reprogramming and apoptotic cell death evasion. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of hydroethanolic extracts from three different plants, Vernonanthura nudiflora (Vern), Baccharis trimera (Bac), and Plantago major (Pla), to induce cell death. We focused on the most active Vern extract. We demonstrated that it activates multiple pathways that lead to impaired cell energy and metabolism homeostasis, elevated ROS production, increased intracellular Ca2+ , and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900416/cancer-associated-fibroblasts-exposed-to-high-dose-ionizing-radiation-promote-m2-polarization-of-macrophages-which-induce-radiosensitivity-in-cervical-cancer
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhan Sheng, Baofang Zhang, Biyuan Xing, Zhao Liu, Yu Chang, Gang Wu, Yingchao Zhao
Radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, is a major therapeutic regimen for cervical cancer. Radioresistance is a decisive factor in radiation treatment failure. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment are critical factors in the curative effects of cancer therapies. However, the interactions between TAMs and CAFs in the context of ionizing radiation are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to investigate whether M2 macrophages induce radioresistance in cervical cancer and to explore the TAMs' phenotypic transformation after IR and its underlying mechanisms...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900415/breast-cancer-risk-and-breast-cancer-specific-mortality-following-risk-reducing-salpingo-oophorectomy-in-brca-carriers-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#7
REVIEW
Faiza Gaba, Oleg Blyuss, Alex Tan, Daniel Munblit, Samuel Oxley, Khalid Khan, Rosa Legood, Ranjit Manchanda
BACKGROUND: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the gold standard method of ovarian cancer risk reduction, but the data are conflicting regarding the impact on breast cancer (BC) outcomes. This study aimed to quantify BC risk/mortality in BRCA1 / BRCA2 carriers after RRSO. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review (CRD42018077613) of BRCA1 / BRCA2 carriers undergoing RRSO, with the outcomes including primary BC (PBC), contralateral BC (CBC) and BC-specific mortality (BCSM) using a fixed-effects meta-analysis, with subgroup analyses stratified by mutation and menopause status...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900414/pkc%C3%AE-regulates-pituitary-adenoma-bone-invasion-by-activating-osteoclast-in-nf-%C3%AE%C2%BAb-il-1%C3%AE-dependent-manner
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quanji Wang, Zhuowei Lei, Zihan Wang, Qian Jiang, Zhuo Zhang, Xiaojin Liu, Biao Xing, Sihan Li, Xiang Guo, Yanchao Liu, Xingbo Li, Kai Shu, Huaqiu Zhang, Yimin Huang, Ting Lei
BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenoma (PA) bone invasion results in adverse outcomes, such as reduced rates of complete surgical resection and biochemical remission as well as increased recurrence rates, though few studies have been conducted. METHODS: We collected clinical specimens of PAs for staining and statistical analysis. Evaluation of the ability of PA cells to induce monocyte-osteoclast differentiation by coculturing PA cells with RAW264.7 in vitro. An in vivo model of bone invasion was used to simulate the process of bone erosion and evaluate the effect of different interventions in alleviating bone invasion...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900413/impact-of-epstein-barr-virus-infection-on-treatment-opportunities-in-patients-with-nasopharyngeal-cancer
#9
REVIEW
Francesco Perri, Francesco Sabbatino, Alessandro Ottaiano, Roberta Fusco, Michele Caraglia, Marco Cascella, Francesco Longo, Rosalia Anna Rega, Giovanni Salzano, Monica Pontone, Maria Luisa Marciano, Arianna Piccirillo, Massimo Montano, Morena Fasano, Fortunato Ciardiello, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Franco Ionna
Chemical, physical, and infectious agents may induce carcinogenesis, and in the latter case, viruses are involved in most cases. The occurrence of virus-induced carcinogenesis is a complex process caused by an interaction across multiple genes, mainly depending by the type of the virus. Molecular mechanisms at the basis of viral carcinogenesis, mainly suggest the involvement of a dysregulation of the cell cycle. Among the virus-inducing carcinogenesis, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) plays a major role in the development of both hematological and oncological malignancies and importantly, several lines of evidence demonstrated that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with EBV infection...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900412/anti-cancer-stem-cell-targeted-therapies-in-prostate-cancer
#10
REVIEW
Samantha Gogola, Michael Rejzer, Hisham F Bahmad, Ferial Alloush, Yumna Omarzai, Robert Poppiti
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most commonly diagnosed cancer in men around the world. It is treated using a risk stratification approach in accordance with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the United States. The main treatment options for early PCa include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination approach. In those with advanced disease, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered as a first-line therapy...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900411/routine-ews-fusion-analysis-in-the-oncology-clinic-to-identify-cancer-specific-peptide-sequence-patterns-that-span-breakpoints-in-ewing-sarcoma-and-dsrct
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter M Anderson, Zheng Jin Tu, Scott E Kilpatrick, Matteo Trucco, Rabi Hanna, Timothy Chan
(1) Background: EWS fusion genes are associated with Ewing sarcoma and other Ewing family tumors including desmoplastic small round tumor, DSRCT. We utilize a clinical genomics workflow to reveal real-world frequencies of EWS fusion events, cataloging events that are similar, or divergent at the EWS breakpoint. (2) Methods: EWS fusion events from our next-generation sequencing panel (NGS) samples were first sorted by breakpoint or fusion junctions to map out the frequency of breakpoints. Fusion results were illustrated as in-frame fusion peptides involving EWS and a partner gene...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900410/independent-validation-of-a-deep-learning-nnu-net-tool-for-neuroblastoma-detection-and-segmentation-in-mr-images
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana Veiga-Canuto, Leonor Cerdà-Alberich, Ana Jiménez-Pastor, José Miguel Carot Sierra, Armando Gomis-Maya, Cinta Sangüesa-Nebot, Matías Fernández-Patón, Blanca Martínez de Las Heras, Sabine Taschner-Mandl, Vanessa Düster, Ulrike Pötschger, Thorsten Simon, Emanuele Neri, Ángel Alberich-Bayarri, Adela Cañete, Barbara Hero, Ruth Ladenstein, Luis Martí-Bonmatí
OBJECTIVES: To externally validate and assess the accuracy of a previously trained fully automatic nnU-Net CNN algorithm to identify and segment primary neuroblastoma tumors in MR images in a large children cohort. METHODS: An international multicenter, multivendor imaging repository of patients with neuroblastic tumors was used to validate the performance of a trained Machine Learning (ML) tool to identify and delineate primary neuroblastoma tumors. The dataset was heterogeneous and completely independent from the one used to train and tune the model, consisting of 300 children with neuroblastic tumors having 535 MR T2-weighted sequences (486 sequences at diagnosis and 49 after finalization of the first phase of chemotherapy)...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900409/evaluating-the-protective-effect-of-intravesical-bacillus-calmette-guerin-against-sars-cov-2-in-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-patients-a-multicenter-observational-trial
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rodolfo Hurle, Francesco Soria, Roberto Contieri, Pier Paolo Avolio, Stefano Mancon, Massimo Lazzeri, Valentina Bernasconi, Simone Mazzoli, Giuseppe Pizzuto, Matteo De Bellis, Matteo Rosazza, Simone Livoti, Tommaso Lupia, Silvia Corcione, Beatrice Lillaz, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Nicolò Maria Buffi, Ashish M Kamat, Paolo Gontero, Paolo Casale
We aim to evaluate the potential protective role of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients treated with intravesical adjuvant therapy for NMIBC between January 2018 and December 2019 at two Italian referral centers were divided into two groups based on the received intravesical treatment regimen (BCG vs. chemotherapy). The study's primary endpoint was evaluating SARS-CoV-2 disease incidence and severity among patients treated with intravesical BCG compared to the control group...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900408/sodium-new-houttuyfonate-induces-apoptosis-of-breast-cancer-cells-via-ros-pdk1-akt-gsk3%C3%AE-axis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lixin He, Huili Feng, Baoyi Yin, Wenxuan Li, Xiao Wang, Talha Umar, Hongbo Gao, Ning Zhou, Changwei Qiu
BACKGROUND: Sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer effects. However, few studies have investigated the effect of SNH on breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SNH has therapeutic potential for targeting breast cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of proteins, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and ROS levels, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe mitochondria...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900407/molecularly-targeted-therapy-in-acute-myeloid-leukemia-current-treatment-landscape-and-mechanisms-of-response-and-resistance
#15
REVIEW
Curtis A Lachowiez, Courtney D DiNardo, Sanam Loghavi
Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has evolved rapidly over the last decade as improved understanding of cytogenetic and molecular drivers of leukemogenesis refined survival prognostication and enabled development of targeted therapeutics. Molecularly targeted therapies are now approved for the treatment of FLT3 and IDH1/2 -mutated AML and additional molecularly and cellularly targeted therapeutics are in development for defined patient subgroups. Alongside these welcome therapeutic advancements, increased understanding of leukemic biology and treatment resistance has resulted in clinical trials investigating combinations of cytotoxic, cellular, and molecularly targeted therapeutics resulting in improved response and survival outcomes in patients with AML...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900406/phenotypic-plasticity-in-circulating-tumor-cells-is-associated-with-poor-response-to-therapy-in-metastatic-breast-cancer-patients
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan N Cohen, Gitanjali Jayachandran, Hui Gao, Phillip Peabody, Heather B McBride, Franklin D Alvarez, Megumi Kai, Juhee Song, Yu Shen, Jie S Willey, Bora Lim, Vicente Valero, Naoto T Ueno, James M Reuben
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are indicators of metastatic spread and progression. In a longitudinal, single-center trial of patients with metastatic breast cancer starting a new line of treatment, a microcavity array was used to enrich CTCs from 184 patients at up to 9 timepoints at 3-month intervals. CTCs were analyzed in parallel samples from the same blood draw by imaging and by gene expression profiling to capture CTC phenotypic plasticity. Enumeration of CTCs by image analysis relying primarily on epithelial markers from samples obtained before therapy or at 3-month follow-up identified the patients at the highest risk of progression...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900405/first-line-immunotherapy-with-check-point-inhibitors-prospective-assessment-of-cognitive-function
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie S Myers, Adam C Parks, Jonathan D Mahnken, Kate J Young, Harsh B Pathak, Rajni V Puri, Amber Unrein, Phyllis Switzer, Yazan Abdulateef, Samantha Sullivan, John F Walker, David Streeter, Jeffrey M Burns
Approximately 40% of patients with cancer are eligible for check-point inhibitor (CPI) therapy. Little research has examined the potential cognitive impact of CPIs. First-line CPI therapy offers a unique research opportunity without chemotherapy-related confounders. The purpose of this prospective, observational pilot was to (1) demonstrate the feasibility of prospective recruitment, retention, and neurocognitive assessment for older adults receiving first-line CPI(s) and (2) provide preliminary evidence of changes in cognitive function associated with CPI(s)...
March 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900404/clinical-radiomics-nomogram-based-on-contrast-enhanced-ultrasound-for-preoperative-prediction-of-cervical-lymph-node-metastasis-in-papillary-thyroid-carcinoma
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liqing Jiang, Zijian Zhang, Shiyan Guo, Yongfeng Zhao, Ping Zhou
This study aimed to establish a new clinical-radiomics nomogram based on ultrasound (US) for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We collected 211 patients with PTC between June 2018 and April 2020, then we randomly divided these patients into the training set ( n = 148) and the validation set ( n = 63). 837 radiomics features were extracted from B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) images and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images. The maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, and backward stepwise logistic regression (LR) were applied to select key features and establish a radiomics score (Radscore), including BMUS Radscore and CEUS Radscore...
March 5, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900403/systematic-review-of-the-short-term-versus-long-term-duration-of-antibiotic-management-for-neutropenic-fever-in-patients-with-cancer
#19
REVIEW
Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Tetsuhiro Masaki, Fujimi Kawai, Erika Ota, Nobuyoshi Mori
Early antibiotic discontinuation has been proposed in patients with hematologic malignancy with fever of unknown origin during febrile neutropenia (FN). We intended to investigate the safety of early antibiotic discontinuation in FN. Two reviewers independently searched for articles from Embase, CENTRAL, and MEDLINE on 30 September 2022. The selection criteria were randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing short- and long-term durations for FN in cancer patients, and evaluating mortality, clinical failure, and bacteremia...
March 5, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36900402/hotspot-a-computational-tool-to-design-targeted-sequencing-panels-to-assess-early-photocarcinogenesis
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sydney R Grant, Spencer R Rosario, Andrew D Patentreger, Nico Shary, Megan E Fitzgerald, Prashant K Singh, Barbara A Foster, Wendy J Huss, Lei Wei, Gyorgy Paragh
Mutations found in skin are acquired in specific patterns, clustering around mutation-prone genomic locations. The most mutation-prone genomic areas, mutation hotspots, first induce the growth of small cell clones in healthy skin. Mutations accumulate over time, and clones with driver mutations may give rise to skin cancer. Early mutation accumulation is a crucial first step in photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, a sufficient understanding of the process may help predict disease onset and identify avenues for skin cancer prevention...
March 5, 2023: Cancers
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