Medical Ultrasonography

The posteromedial corner (PMC) is a common location for knee joint pain, and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment. The frequent causes of pain in the PMC include pathologies of the posterior part of the medial meniscus, damage to articular cartilage, popliteal cysts and the semimembranosus tendinopathy.Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for assessing knee joint disorders, but its availability and cost can limit its use in some cases. In this pictorial essay, we presented the use of ultrasonography as an alternative method for assessing PMC...

Over the past few years, developments in artificial intelligence (AI), especially in radiomics and deep learning, have enabled the extraction of pathophysiology-related information from varied medical imaging and are progressively transforming medical practice. AI applications are extending into domains previously thought to be accessible only to human experts. Recent research has demonstrated that ultrasound-derived radiomics and deep learning represent an enticing opportunity to benefit preoperative evaluation and prognostic monitoring of diffuse and focal liver disease...

Skin ultrasound (US) is a relatively new imaging technique, for which interest has grown significantly in the last decade. Properties such as mobility, real-time imaging and lack of irradiation or sedation, have made it a useful tool in completing the clinical examination. The use of probes of different frequencies has managed to improve the US technique, offering the possibility of obtaining high quality images. Thus, by using high-frequency and ultra-high frequency US, subclinical information can be obtained with a wide applicability in dermatological pathology...

It is important to be familiar with the typical imaging features of the uncommon or even extremely rare focal liver lesions (FLL). Current guidelines of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is aimed at assessing the usefulness of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the management of various FLL. In this review, we aim to summarize the ultrasound and CEUS characteristics with literature review of some extremely rare benign FLL, which might be helpful for improving diagnostic efficiency clinically...

Improved detection and characterization of common focal liver lesions (FLL) are the main topics of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) guidelines on the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). On stateof-the-art CEUS imaging, to create a library of rare FLL, especially concerning their atypical imaging characteristics, might be helpful for improving clinical diagnostic efficiency. In this review, we aim to summarize the ultrasound and CEUS features of rare benign FLL. Currently there are limited reports and images published...

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In this second part of the topic the hepatic pseudoaneurysm, hepatic infarction, and pylephlebitis are discussed as acute and potentially life-threatening hepatic vascular diseases. The focus is on their appearance on B-mode ultrasonography, duplex ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Zahn's pseudo infarction is an important differential diagnosis to wedge-shaped hepatic infarction in this context. Knowledge of the data should help raise awareness of these rare findings, to come up with relevant differential diagnoses in the corresponding clinical situation, to interpret the ultrasound images correctly and thus to initiate the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic steps in time...

AIMS: Measurement of myocardial strain using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography can successfully quantify ventricular function, being considered superior to conventional echocardiography. This study aimed to establish reference intervals, interobserver agreements and reliability of two fetal echocardiographic parameters which reflect left ventricular myocardial function, left ventricular apical 4 chamber endo peak strain (AP4pLS) and ejection fraction (EF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study on 103 healthy fetuses...

AIMS: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is characterized by enlargement and stiffness of peripheral nerves due to edema with large numbers of "onion bulbs" in the endoneurium. Ultrasound elastography seems to be an ideal method to detect this condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the shear wave elastography (SWE) features of peripheral nerves in patients with CMT1A. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 24 CMT1A patients with a mean age of 28 years, along with 24 age- and gender-matched controls...

AIM: This study aimed to use high-frequency ultrasound guidance to compare the efficacy of percutaneous release combined with intra-tendon sheath injection (PR-ITSI) and percutaneous release only (PR-ONLY) in the treatment of adult trigger finger (TF) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 patients were randomly divided into PR-ITSI group and PR-ONLY group. The thickness of the A1 pulley was measured prior to surgery and 1-year after surgery...

AIM: There is no clear standardization for tendon Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), and data regarding the factors that influence the correctness of evaluation are scarce. We aimed to determine the intra- and interobserver agreement in patellar tendon SWE, and to establish the influence of various factors on elasticity values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 37 healthy volunteers; SWE of the patellar tendon was performed by two examiners. The following factors were analyzed: probe frequency, degree of joint flexion, size of region of interest (ROI), distance of the color box from the probe footprint, utilization of coupling gel as standoff, and the effect of physical exercise on elastic modulus values...

AIM: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. The early identification of patients who can truly benefit from preoperative NAC is crucial in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the ultrasound features and clinical characteristics combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) levels can improve the performance of predicting NAC efficacy in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 202 invasive breast cancer patients who underwent NAC followed by surgery were included...

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