Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the refractive outcomes of patients who underwent indirect laser photocoagulation for prethreshold type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and high-risk type 2 prethreshold ROP in comparison to conservatively managed low-risk prethreshold type 2 ROP. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on infants screened for ROP between the years 2015 and 2020. Surviving children who had developed ROP in one or both eyes and received diode laser photocoagulation and those with conservatively managed regressed type 2 ROP who underwent at least one cycloplegic retinoscopy were included in the study...

PURPOSE: The purpose is to to explore the effects of the Lebanese economic crisis on the ophthalmology workload in Lebanon, and the concomitant influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown and Beirut port explosion. METHODS: Data pertaining to all the clinic visits to the Ophthalmology Department at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between January 01, 2019, and December 31, 2021, were extracted. Completed visits to different subspecialties were used to analyze the different parameters...

Scleral rupture is a rare but significant complication that can occur due to multiple risk factors. In this report, we discuss two instances of scleral perforation that happened during a silicone oil injection and after a peribulbar injection. Our study suggests that prior ocular surgery is a further risk factor for intraoperative scleral rupture, and more investigation is required to identify additional relevant risk factors that weaken the sclera.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to study the choroidal thickness and its profile, derived from different point locations in healthy Asian Indian subjects using RTVue XR 100 optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine its correlation with age, refractive error, and axial length. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 300 eyes of 150 healthy subjects, with no ocular pathology, were scanned in a single session, using a line scan protocol of RTVue XR 100 OCT. Choroidal thickness was measured at the subfoveal region, and six measurements were obtained on either side of the fovea (temporal and nasal) at 500 μm interval apart, up to 3000 μm...

PURPOSE: The aim was to study the characteristics of recurrence patterns in the form of scar recurrence, new lesions, and vitreous seeds which is necessary in anticipating future events for the management of retinoblastoma (RB). METHODS: This retrospective analytical observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India; we included 64 eyes of 45 patients having RB from January 2019 to July 2020. The inclusion criterion was treatment-naïve patients with > 12 months of follow-up period...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of articles published in Ophthalmology Journals from Arab countries from 2012 to 2022. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis of all original ophthalmology research and review articles published by authors with an affiliation with an institution from Arab countries and indexed in the ISI Web of Science between January 2012 and December 2022. RESULTS: For the years 2012-2022, 4292 articles published in Ophthalmology Journals by authors from Arab-based institutions were identified...

PURPOSE: The digital eye strain (DES) is of public health magnitude in students undertaking online studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The DES prevention strategies will be effective if all stakeholders, including parents, work together. We present an awareness level of preventive measures among parents of students studying online for 1 year. METHODS: This web-based survey was held in December 2021. Parents of Saudi students in the Qassim region responded to 15 questions about the preventive measures for DES...

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important chemotherapy adjunct for the management of conjunctival and corneal dysplasia. Since it is possible for this agent to gain access to the anterior chamber, several reports in the literature have demonstrated 5-FU long-term safety and efficacy. Although recent publications reported that topical 5-FU has no cytotoxic effect on the corneal endothelium, we report a patient affected by bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia who has developed significant endothelial density and morphology changes after starting a course of 5-FU...

PURPOSE: The purpose was to study the anatomical and functional outcome following single low-dose suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (LD-SCTA) (2 mg) injection in noninfectious posterior uveitis. METHODS: Eleven patients with macular edema (ME) more than 280 μ secondary to noninfectious uveitis were included in the study. A single LD-SCTA (0.5 ml) injection was performed in the study eye with the help of a novel suprachoroidal microneedle (Pricon, Iscon Surgicals, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India)...

Integrated health systems are deemed necessary for the attainment of universal health coverage, and the East, Central, and Southern Africa Health Community (ECSA-HC) recently passed a resolution to endorse the integration of eye health into the wider health system. This review presents the current state of integration of eye health systems in the region. Eight hundred and twelve articles between 1946 and 2020 were identified from four electronic databases that were searched. Article selection and data charting were done by two reviewers independently...

To report the clinical and multimodal imaging findings of presumed tuberculous optic nerve head (ONH) infiltration in 3 patients at a tertiary eye care center. In addition to unilateral presumed tuberculous ONH infiltration, all patients had clinical findings suggestive of tuberculous choroidal involvement which was confirmed by Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). All patients were treated successfully with a combination of antituberculous regimen and systemic corticosteroids.

PURPOSE: To compare efficacy and safety between the two modes of energy delivery-pulsed and continuous, in accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (KXL) to stop the keratoconus advancement through topographical, visual, and refractive endpoints. METHODS: It was a prospective, comparative, randomized, interventional trial. Patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus were subjected to pulsed mode KXL (P-KXL) in the right and continuous mode KXL (C-KXL) treatment in the left eye...

PURPOSE: Knowledge of thyroid eye disease (TED) is based on predominantly Caucasian populations. To date, no studies in the United States examine the presentation in Black and Hispanic patients. The purpose of this study is to introduce the presentation of TED in two previously undescribed populations. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, chart review study of patients with TED at a tertiary center using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist...

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a very challenging situation and difficult to manage. A great works and ideas were conducted over the past 50 years. Numerous surgical techniques were proposed. We are reporting more than a 20-year follow-up of a case of limbal autograft stem cell transplantation due to LSCD secondary to chemical injury.

PURPOSE: Despite the human ocular surface being easily accessible, ocular drug delivery can be challenging. When applied improperly, topical medications, the most popular first-line treatment used to treat glaucoma, can have a very brief contact time with the ocular surface and may not have the desired therapeutic impact. Drug delivery devices are gadgets that can address some of these problems. This study aims to determine patients' opinions on ocular drug delivery devices used in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)...

PURPOSE: Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a noninfectious anterior chamber reaction caused by ocular surgeries. It usually develops within the first 12-48 h after surgery. In case of clinical suspicion of TASS, endophthalmitis as a devastating disease should always be excluded. However, the fact that TASS and endophthalmitis can look the same, but the treatment for each is different. Therefore, distinguishing between the two conditions is an important factor in coping with both diseases...

Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPVM) is a rare entity characterized by acute multifocal macular detachment with polymorphous subretinal vitelliform deposits. The disease is a presumed retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and is reported to occur with malignancies. We report a case of a 32-year-old otherwise healthy woman who presented with an acute bilateral visual disturbance a few days after testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Her initial visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes...

PURPOSE: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is the most common cause of epiphora in infants. It usually resolves completely by the end of 1st year with conservative management in most cases. Many studies have confirmed high frequency (80%-90%) of spontaneous resolution of symptoms during the 1st year of life. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the lacrimal sac massage in the treatment of CNLDO. METHODS: The study was done in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Asia over 5 years...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of various ocular manifestations in diagnosed cases of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in Jordan. It will also find the association of these manifestations with primary and secondary APS. METHODS: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study to analyze the ocular manifestations of APS in Jordan. Data of 90 cases were obtained from public hospitals from January 2018 to January 2021. There should have been at least two positive tests with a minimum of 12-week gap between them...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the corneal sensitivity and its quadrature variability in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) diagnosed with electromyography and to compare these results with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. METHODS: The left eyes of 32 patients who applied for refraction or fundus examination and had a diagnosis of DN by electromyography in their medical history were included in this study. Corneal sensitivity was evaluated using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau, Paris) in five zones: central, nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior...