Personality Disorders

The clinical relevance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received growing recognition, and NSSI represents a relevant risk factor for suicide. The present study aimed at running a head-to-head comparison between interview scores of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section II personality disorders (PDs) criteria, and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) Criterion A and Criterion B measures in providing significant and relevant information for understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior among psychotherapy participants...

UNLABELLED: Mentalization, that is the capacity to understand our and others' behaviors in terms of intentional mental states, represents one of the core features of personality disorders (PDs) and can be related to therapists' countertransference (CT) and interventions. AIMS: The aim of the present work was to study the relationship between therapists' technique, therapists' CT, and patients' mentalization, in a sample of patients with PDs undergoing a 40-session program of sequential brief-adlerian psychodynamic psychotherapy, a psychodynamic therapeutic model specifically developed for the treatment of PDs in public mental health services...

The goal of this study was to compare the predictive validity of the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) versus the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition (DSM-5 ) Section II categorical model regarding clinician judgments about mental health outcomes. To do so, we instructed a national sample of 136 mental health professionals to provide clinical judgments on a random subset of four (out of a possible 12) case vignettes. For each case, they made a variety of diagnostic judgments corresponding to each model, as well as clinical outcome judgments (e...

Problematic interpersonal relationships may represent both, a risk factor for the development or trigger of personality disorder (PD) symptoms and its consequences. Since peer relationships become more and more important in adolescence, the current study explores the cross-sectional association between recent bullying experiences and levels of impairment in personality functioning according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD; Criterion A) in help-seeking adolescents ( N = 493)...

Shame is an essential affect in many patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and can be associated with most of the BPD diagnostic criteria. Severe shame is a highly aversive emotion with concomitant beliefs about the self as deeply inferior, insignificant, disgusting, and unloved. Shame and how it is manifested in the subjective experience and behavior in people diagnosed with BPD is remarkably under-researched, and our knowledge of the phenomenology of shame in BPD needs to be improved. Severe shame is often less accessible and available to conscious awareness, making it difficult to access via questionnaires and self-report measures...

Disinhibited attachment behavior (DAB) among infants is persistent and associated with behavioral and relational problems throughout childhood and adolescence. Little is known about risk factors for DAB among infants reared at home, although studies have linked DAB with maternal psychiatric hospitalization and maternal borderline personality disorder. The aim of the current study was to further assess the association between DAB, maternal severe mental illness (SMI; schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression), and maternal PD symptoms...

Narcissistic traits are traditionally viewed as consistent similar to the mirrorlike self-reflection of Narcissus in the water. However, evidence suggests that state levels of narcissism are more dynamic than previously believed. The current research explored fluctuations within and between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in daily life. We investigated whether individuals' levels of grandiosity and vulnerability (a) vary, (b) are instable, and (c) display inertia and cross-lagged effects in their daily narcissistic expressions...

The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) has been extensively studied over the past decade, but to date there is no direct comparison of the clinical utility of the AMPD model relative to the Section II personality disorder (PD) model in an ecologically valid design. The current study examined the clinical utility of an AMPD-informed assessment procedure and Section II PD assessment procedure as assessed by both patients and clinicians in a randomized controlled trial. A sample of 119 patients were randomly assigned to either an AMPD or a Section II PD assessment procedure...

An extensive theoretical literature links identity pathology with deficits in mentalization, which is the ability to understand the internal mental states of self and others. However, only a few investigations have attempted to bridge theory and data by empirically testing the relation between mentalization and identity pathology, and none have done so with mentalization measured using a laboratory task. The current study investigated the association between mentalization deficits and identity pathology in a large, nonclinical sample...

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and understudied mental health condition associated with profound personal and public health consequences. Methodological differences in characterizing BPD may limit understanding the scope of the disorder's prevalence and effect. For example, using different diagnostic rules for BPD can affect apparent prevalence, comorbidity, and clinical presentation. This study examined how differences in diagnostic rules used to assign BPD diagnosis impacted its prevalence and associations with clinically relevant variables (e...

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition [ DSM-5 ] personality disorders, International Classification of Diseases ,11th revision personality disorders) and emerging (i.e., DSM-5' s alternative model of personality disorders) models of psychopathology. Yet, despite its importance within clinical nosology, attempts to identify its optimal lower-order structure have yielded inconsistent findings...

"Lack of empathy" is a diagnostic criterion of narcissism, but the nature of interpersonal functioning in narcissism is still being debated. Both, empathy and narcissism, are multidimensional constructs, and their relation might depend upon contextual factors. We investigated social affect and cognition in narcissism spanning self-reported traits and experiential states (Ecological Momentary Assessment) as well as behavioral and brain indicators (task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging). N = 140 individuals were selected to cover the full dimensional range of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, including their constituent self-regulatory dimensions of agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism...

Despite nearly 30 years of research demonstrating its effectiveness in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and related problems, few studies have investigated mechanisms of change for dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993a). Improvements in mindfulness and emotion regulation have been highlighted as key potential mechanisms of change in DBT (Lynch et al., 2006). The present study examined the time course of and associations between mindfulness, emotion regulation, and BPD symptoms during DBT...

The International Classification of Diseases (11th edition; ICD-11 ) has adopted a classification of personality disorders (PDs) that abolishes the established International Classification of Diseases (10th edition; ICD-10 ) PD types in favor of global severity and stylistic trait domain specifiers. The goal of the current study was to describe the empirical relationship between traditional PD types and the ICD-11 trait domains, which is anticipated to inform and guide clinicians in this profound transition...

The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition (PID-5) was developed as a measure of the traits included in the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the DSM. The PID-5 is composed of 25 scales measuring each trait in the AMPD across five domains: negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonism, and psychoticism. Previous research suggests that there may be important differences in the expression of personality pathology across race and culture, particularly between people with eastern and western cultural heritages...

Reports an error in "Moderators of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and externalizing problems in youth" by Blair D. Batky, Allison N. Shields, Randall T. Salekin and Jennifer L. Tackett ( Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment , Advanced Online Publication, Jul 06, 2023, np). In the original article, the authors changed the order of authorship from "Blair D. Batky, Allison N. Shields, Jennifer L. Tackett, and Randall T. Salekin" to "Blair D. Batky, Allison N. Shields, Randall T...

The present study sought to examine the relation between borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms and empathic accuracy while improving on prior methodologies by using daily affect assessment in romantic partners. BPD symptoms were assessed in both members of 81 community couples who also reported on their own and their partner's negative and positive affect daily for 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Truth and Bias Model of Judgment, which allows the source of empathic accuracy to be parsed into partner affect (truth) and own affect (bias)...

Narrative identity, as an integral element of personality, has gained increased attention for understanding personality pathology. In this study, associations between narrative identity characteristics (i.e., event valence, theme, contextual coherence, thematic coherence, self-event connection valence, agency, and communion) and personality pathology were examined. Personality pathology was conceptualized as (a) levels of personality (dys)functioning and maladaptive personality traits, (b) six trait facet profiles, and (c) categorical DSM-5 (fifth edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ) diagnoses...

Existing literature on the effects of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorder (ED) comorbidity in terms of clinical presentation and treatment outcome has been limited and inconclusive. The present study examined whether clients with EDs and varying levels of BPD symptoms presented with more severe ED symptoms at admission, and whether they responded to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-based treatment. Participants ( N = 176) were adults in a DBT-based partial hospitalization program for EDs at an academic medical center...

This preliminary study aims at extending existing empirical evidence on subtypes of borderline personality disorders (BPDs) by identifying subtypes among patients with BPD, comparing their characteristics to the trait domains of the dimensional model of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11; World Health Organization [WHO], 2022), and examining differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic outcome variables. Data of N = 109 patients were subjected to cluster analysis based on the International Personality Disorder Examination variables for BPD and analyzed regarding differences in clinical and therapeutic variables...