journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005955/revealing-novel-strain-specific-and-shared-epitopes-of-infectious-bronchitis-virus-spike-glycoprotein-using-chemical-linkage-of-peptides-onto-scaffolds-precision-epitope-mapping
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha Sives, Sarah Keep, Erica Bickerton, Lonneke Vervelde
The avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is an economically important infectious disease affecting chickens, with a diverse range of serotypes found globally. The major surface protein, spike (S), has high diversity between serotypes, and amino acid differences in the S1 sub-unit are thought to be responsible for poor cross-protection afforded by vaccination. Here, we attempt to address this, by using epitope mapping technology to identify shared and serotype-specific immunogenic epitopes of the S glycoprotein of three major circulating strains of IBV, M41, QX, and 4/91, via CLIPS peptide arrays based on peptides from the S1 sub-units...
November 20, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005954/whitefly-transmitted-viruses-of-cucurbits-in-the-southern-united-states
#2
REVIEW
Ragunathan Devendran, Saritha Raman Kavalappara, Alvin M Simmons, Sudeep Bag
Cucurbits are economically important crops that are widely cultivated in many parts of the world, including the southern US. In recent years, higher temperatures have favored the rapid build-up of whiteflies in the fall-grown cucurbits in this region. As a result, whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) have severely impacted the marketable yield of cucurbits. In this review, we discuss three major groups of WTVs negatively impacting cucurbit cultivation in the southern US, including begomoviruses, criniviruses, and ipomoviruses...
November 20, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005953/engineering-a-novel-modular-adenoviral-mrna-delivery-platform-based-on-tag-catcher-bioconjugation
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kexin Geng, Paul J Rice-Boucher, Elena A Kashentseva, Igor P Dmitriev, Zhi Hong Lu, S Peter Goedegebuure, William E Gillanders, David T Curiel
mRNA vaccines have attracted widespread research attention with clear advantages in terms of molecular flexibility, rapid development, and potential for personalization. However, current mRNA vaccine platforms have not been optimized for induction of CD4/CD8 T cell responses. In addition, the mucosal administration of mRNA based on lipid nanoparticle technology faces challenges in clinical translation. In contrast, adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong T cell responses and have been approved for intranasal delivery...
November 20, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005952/aerosol-delivery-of-palivizumab-in-a-neonatal-lamb-model-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hasindu S Edirisinghe, Anushi E Rajapaksa, Simon G Royce, Magdy Sourial, Robert J Bischof, Jeremy Anderson, Gulcan Sarila, Cattram D Nguyen, Kim Mulholland, Lien Anh Ha Do, Paul V Licciardi
(1) Background: Palivizumab has been an approved preventative monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection for over two decades. However, due to its high cost and requirement for multiple intramuscular injections, its use has been limited mostly to high-income countries. Following our previous study showing the successful lung deposition of aerosolised palivizumab in lambs, this current study evaluated the "proof-of-principle" effect of aerosolised palivizumab delivered as a therapeutic to neonatal lambs following RSV infection...
November 19, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005951/african-swine-fever-transmission-spread-and-control-through-biosecurity-and-disinfection-including-polish-trends
#5
REVIEW
Małgorzata Juszkiewicz, Marek Walczak, Grzegorz Woźniakowski, Katarzyna Podgórska
African swine fever is a contagious disease, affecting pigs and wild boars, which poses a major threat to the pig industry worldwide and, therefore, to the agricultural economies of many countries. Despite intensive studies, an effective vaccine against the disease has not yet been developed. Since 2007, ASFV has been circulating in Eastern and Central Europe, covering an increasingly large area. As of 2018, the disease is additionally spreading at an unprecedented scale in Southeast Asia, nearly ruining China's pig-producing sector and generating economic losses of approximately USD 111...
November 19, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005950/challenges-for-precise-subtyping-and-sequencing-of-a-h5n1-clade-2-3-4-4b-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-virus-isolated-in-japan-in-the-2022-2023-season-using-classical-serological-and-molecular-methods
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James G Komu, Hiep Dinh Nguyen, Yohei Takeda, Shinya Fukumoto, Kunitoshi Imai, Hitoshi Takemae, Tetsuya Mizutani, Haruko Ogawa
The continuous evolution of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is a major concern for accurate diagnosis. We encountered some challenges in subtyping and sequencing a recently isolated H5N1 HPAIV strain using classical diagnostic methods. Oropharyngeal, conjunctival, and cloacal swabs collected from a dead white-tailed eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla) were screened via real-time RT-PCR targeting the influenza A virus matrix (M) gene, followed by virus isolation. The hemagglutination inhibition test was applied in order to subtype and antigenically characterize the isolate using anti-A/duck/Hong Kong/820/80 (H5N3) reference serum or anti-H5N1 cross-clade monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)...
November 18, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005949/pathogenicity-in-chickens-and-turkeys-of-a-2021-united-states-h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-clade-2-3-4-4b-wild-bird-virus-compared-to-two-previous-h5n8-clade-2-3-4-4-viruses
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary J Pantin-Jackwood, Erica Spackman, Christina Leyson, Sungsu Youk, Scott A Lee, Linda M Moon, Mia K Torchetti, Mary L Killian, Julianna B Lenoch, Darrell R Kapczynski, David E Swayne, David L Suarez
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5 of the Gs/GD/96 lineage remain a major threat to poultry due to endemicity in wild birds. H5N1 HPAIVs from this lineage were detected in 2021 in the United States (U.S.) and since then have infected many wild and domestic birds. We evaluated the pathobiology of an early U.S. H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b, 2021) and two H5N8 HPAIVs from previous outbreaks in the U.S. (clade 2.3.4.4c, 2014) and Europe (clade 2.3.4.4b, 2016) in chickens and turkeys...
November 18, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005948/human-metapneumovirus-induced-host-microrna-expression-impairs-the-interferon-response-in-macrophages-and-epithelial-cells
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iván Martínez-Espinoza, Anang D Bungwon, Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a nonsegmented, single-stranded negative RNA virus and a member of the Pneumoviridae family. During HMPV infection, macrophages play a critical role in defending the respiratory epithelium by secreting large amounts of type I interferon (IFN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that play an essential role in regulating gene expression during normal cellular homeostasis and disease by binding to specific mRNAs, thereby regulating at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels with a direct impact on the immune response and other cellular processes...
November 18, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005947/does-the-human-gut-virome-contribute-to-host-health-or-disease
#9
REVIEW
Grazia Pavia, Nadia Marascio, Giovanni Matera, Angela Quirino
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses and their genomes, metabolites, and proteins, collectively known as the "gut virome". This complex community of viruses colonizing the enteric mucosa is pivotal in regulating host immunity. The mechanisms involved in cross communication between mucosal immunity and the gut virome, as well as their relationship in health and disease, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on the human gut virome's composition and evolution and the interplay between the gut virome and enteric mucosal immunity and their molecular mechanisms...
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005946/exploring-the-susceptibility-of-c3h-mice-to-tick-borne-encephalitis-virus-infection-implications-for-co-infection-models-and-understanding-of-the-disease
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Porcelli Stefania, Heckmann Aurélie, Lagrée Anne-Claire, Galon Clémence, Moutailler Sara, Deshuillers Lucien Pierre
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly recognized as a critical One Health concern. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe neuro infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), has emerged as a significant global public health threat. Laboratory animals, particularly mice, have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of TBD pathogenesis. Notably, BALB/c mice have been employed as models due to their heightened susceptibility to TBEV. However, the use of C3H mice, valued for other tick-borne pathogens, has remained unexplored for TBEV until now...
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005945/reply-to-kuli%C3%A4-%C3%A5-comment-on-subhadra-et-al-significant-broad-spectrum-antiviral-activity-of-bi121-against-different-variants-of-sars-cov-2-viruses-2023-15-1299
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bobban Subhadra, Ragini Agrawal, Virender Kumar Pal, Agnes-Laurence Chenine, Jeffy George Mattathil, Amit Singh
We would like to thank Dr. Žarko Kulić [...].
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005944/comment-on-subhadra-et-al-significant-broad-spectrum-antiviral-activity-of-bi121-against-different-variants-of-sars-cov-2-viruses-2023-15-1299
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Žarko Kulić
The article "Significant Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Bi121 against Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2" by Subhadra et al. [...].
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005943/a-novel-subcluster-of-closely-related-bacillus-phages-with-distinct-tail-fiber-lysin-gene-combinations
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel E Loney, Véronique A Delesalle, Brianne E Chaudry, Megan Czerpak, Alexandra A Guffey, Leo Goubet-McCall, Michael McCarty, Madison S Strine, Natalie T Tanke, Albert C Vill, Greg P Krukonis
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most numerous entities on Earth, but we have only scratched the surface of describing phage diversity. We isolated seven Bacillus subtilis phages from desert soil in the southwest United States and then sequenced and characterized their genomes. Comparative analyses revealed high nucleotide and amino acid similarity between these seven phages, which constitute a novel subcluster. Interestingly, the tail fiber and lysin genes of these phages seem to come from different origins and carry out slightly different functions...
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005942/presence-and-persistence-of-andes-virus-rna-in-human-semen
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roland Züst, Rahel Ackermann-Gäumann, Nicole Liechti, Denise Siegrist, Sarah Ryter, Jasmine Portmann, Nicole Lenz, Christian Beuret, Roger Koller, Cornelia Staehelin, Andrea B Kuenzli, Jonas Marschall, Sylvia Rothenberger, Olivier Engler
When infecting humans, Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) may cause a severe disease called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Following non-specific symptoms, the infection may progress to a syndrome of hemorrhagic fever combined with hyper-acute cardiopulmonary failure. The case fatality rate ranges between 25-40%, depending on the outbreak. In this study, we present the follow-up of a male patient who recovered from HCPS six years ago. We demonstrate that the ANDV genome persists within the reproductive tract for at least 71 months...
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005941/the-prevalence-seroprevalence-and-risk-factors-of-tick-borne-encephalitis-virus-in-dogs-in-lithuania-a-highly-endemic-state
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evelina Simkute, Arnoldas Pautienius, Juozas Grigas, Paulina Urbute, Arunas Stankevicius
The rising awareness and increasing number of case reports of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in dogs indicate that the virus might be an important tick-borne pathogen in dogs, especially in endemic areas. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rate of TBEV RNA and TBEV-specific antibodies in clinical samples of dogs living in a highly endemic region of Lithuania and to evaluate the main risk factors for severe disease course and death. The blood samples ( n = 473) of dogs were collected in two veterinary clinics in central Lithuania...
November 17, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005940/prophylactic-treatment-with-baloxavir-protects-mice-from-lethal-infection-with-influenza-a-and-b-viruses
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keita Fukao, Takeshi Noshi, Shinya Shano, Kaoru Baba, Kenji Sato, Masashi Sakuramoto, Naohisa Kitade, Hideki Tanioka, Shinji Kusakabe, Takao Shishido
Influenza remains a worldwide health concern. Antiviral drugs are considered as one of the useful options for its prevention as a complementary measure to vaccination. Baloxavir acid selectively inhibits the cap-dependent endonuclease of influenza viruses and exhibits marked viral titre reduction in patients. Here, we describe the prophylactic potency of baloxavir acid against lethal infection with influenza A and B viruses in mice. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously administered once with baloxavir acid suspension, or orally administered once daily for 10 days with oseltamivir phosphate solution at human relevant doses...
November 16, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005939/phenotypic-characterization-of-recombinant-marek-s-disease-virus-in-live-birds-validates-polymorphisms-associated-with-virulence
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taejoong Kim, Cari J Hearn, Jody Mays, Deborah Velez-Irizarry, Sanjay M Reddy, Stephen J Spatz, Hans H Cheng, John R Dunn
Marek's disease (MD) is a highly infectious lymphoproliferative disease in chickens with a significant economic impact. Mardivirus gallidalpha 2, also known as Marek's disease virus (MDV), is the causative pathogen and has been categorized based on its virulence rank into four pathotypes: mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+). A prior comparative genomics study suggested that several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes in the MDV genome are associated with virulence, including nonsynonymous (ns) SNPs in eight open reading frames (ORF): UL22, UL36, UL37, UL41, UL43, R-LORF8, R-LORF7, and ICP4...
November 16, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005938/tumor-tropism-of-dna-viruses-for-oncolytic-virotherapy
#18
REVIEW
Junior A Enow, Hummad I Sheikh, Masmudur M Rahman
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy agents that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. OVs are from diverse families of viruses and can possess either a DNA or an RNA genome. These viruses also have either a natural or engineered tropism for cancer cells. Oncolytic DNA viruses have the additional advantage of a stable genome and multiple-transgene insertion capability without compromising infection or replication. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a member of the oncolytic DNA viruses, has been approved for the treatment of cancers...
November 16, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005937/an-outbreak-of-parvovirus-b19-in-israel
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tal Patalon, Yaki Saciuk, Daniel Trotzky, Gal Pachys, Amir Ben-Tov, Yaakov Segal, Sivan Gazit
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to a life threatening one. During pregnancy, it can lead to fetal loss and hydrops fetalis. This retrospective study examined the incidence rates of B19V in Israel, analyzing anonymized electronic medical records of 2.7 million individuals between January 2015 and September 2023. A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution was fit to the data, adjusting for potential confounders. A marked increase in B19V was observed in 2023, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 6...
November 16, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38005936/association-between-pulmonary-aspergillosis-and-cytomegalovirus-reactivation-in-critically-ill-covid-19-patients-a-prospective-observational-cohort-study
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valeria Caciagli, Irene Coloretti, Marta Talamonti, Carlotta Farinelli, Ilenia Gatto, Emanuela Biagioni, Mario Sarti, Erica Franceschini, Marianna Meschiari, Cristina Mussini, Roberto Tonelli, Enrico Clini, Massimo Girardis, Stefano Busani, Modena Covid-Working Group
COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. This prospective observational study aimed to explore the association between CAPA development and the incidence and prognosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. We included all consecutive critically ill adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to three COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) in an Italian hospital from 25 February 2020 to 8 May 2022...
November 15, 2023: Viruses
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