journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36815213/age-associated-upregulation-of-glutamate-transporters-and-glutamine-synthetase-in-senescent-astrocytes-in-vitro-and-in-the-mouse-and-human-hippocampus
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isadora Matias, Luan Pereira Diniz, Ana Paula Bergamo Araujo, Isabella Vivarini Damico, Pâmella de Moura, Felipe Cabral-Miranda, Fabiola Diniz, Belisa Parmeggiani, Valeria de Mello Coelho, Renata E P Leite, Claudia K Suemoto, Gustavo Costa Ferreira, Regina Célia Cussa Kubrusly, Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
Aging is marked by complex and progressive physiological changes, including in the glutamatergic system, that lead to a decline of brain function. Increased content of senescent cells in the brain, such as glial cells, has been reported to impact cognition both in animal models and human tissue during normal aging and in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Changes in the glutamatergic synaptic activity rely on the glutamate-glutamine cycle, in which astrocytes handle glutamate taken up from synapses and provide glutamine for neurons, thus maintaining excitatory neurotransmission...
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36799552/pyruvate-kinase-2-an-energy-metabolism-related-enzyme-may-have-a-neuroprotective-function-in-retinal-degeneration
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaming Zhou, Per Ekström
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disorder that results in vision impairment but general and mutation-independent therapeutic strategies are not available. However, it is widely regarded that the cGMP system, including cGMP and its interactor cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), acts as a crucial effector during retinal degeneration. We have previously identified a list of cGMP-PKG-dependent genes in the context of RP, and in this study, we further validated one of these, namely pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), and investigated the potential role of PKM2 for the photoreceptors' well-being during RP...
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36714975/polymorphisms-in-tpt1-pathways-in-pediatric-astrocytomas
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eduardo Morais de Castro, Leonardo Vinícius Barbosa, Aline Simoneti Fonseca, Seigo Nagashima, Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula, Rafaela Zeni, Letícia Arianne Panini do Carmo, Luciane R Cavalli, Luiz Fernando Bleggi Torres, Andrea Senff Ribeiro, Lucia de Noronha, Cleber Machado-Souza
Central nervous system tumors, especially astrocytomas, are the solid neoplasms with the highest incidence and mortality rates in childhood. The diagnosis is based on histopathological characteristics, but molecular methods have been increasingly used. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) protein, encoded by the tumor protein, translationally controlled 1 ( TPT1 ) gene, is a multifunctional protein with an important physiological role in the cell cycle. Expression of this protein has been associated with several neoplasms, including astrocytomas in adults...
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36683340/upregulated-dna-damage-linked-biomarkers-in-parkinson-s-disease-model-mice
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Zeng, Karsten Parker, Yanqiang Zhan, Matthew Miller, Meng-Yang Zhu
The present study examined expression of DNA damage markers in VMAT2 Lo PD model mice. The results demonstrate there is a significant increase in these DNA damage markers mostly in the brain regions of 18- and 23-month-old model mice, indicating oxidative stress-induced DNA lesion is an important pathologic feature of this mouse model.
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36635917/in-memoriam-dr-robert-k-yu
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas N Seyfried, Yutaka Itokazu, Toshio Ariga, Erhard Bieberich
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36604975/sex-and-apoe-genotype-alter-the-basal-and-induced-inflammatory-states-of-primary-astrocytes-from-humanized-targeted-replacement-mice
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isha Mhatre-Winters, Aseel Eid, Yoonhee Han, Kim Tieu, Jason R Richardson
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and sex are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with females demonstrating increased risk modulated by APOE genotype. APOE is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, however, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in astrocytes stratified by APOE genotype. Here, we examined the response of mixed-sex and sex-specific neonatal APOE3 and APOE4 primary mouse astrocytes (PMA) to a cytokine mix of IL1b, TNFa, and IFNg. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed by qRT-PCR and Meso Scale Discovery multiplex assay...
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36591943/neuroprotection-by-preconditioning-in-mice-is-dependent-on-myd88-mediated-cxcl10-expression-in-endothelial-cells
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhihong Chen, Weiwei Hu, Mynor J Mendez, Zachary C Gossman, Anthony Chomyk, Brendan T Boylan, Grahame J Kidd, Timothy W Phares, Cornelia C Bergmann, Bruce D Trapp
The central nervous system (CNS) can be preconditioned to resist damage by peripheral pretreatment with low-dose gram-negative bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Underlying mechanisms associated with transient protection of the cerebral cortex against traumatic brain injury include increased neuronal production of antiapoptotic and neurotrophic molecules, microglial-mediated displacement of inhibitory presynaptic terminals innervating the soma of cortical projection neurons, and synchronized firing of cortical projection neurons...
2023: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36524236/comparing-the-characteristics-of-microglia-preparations-generated-using-different-human-ipsc-based-differentiation-methods-to-model-neurodegenerative-diseases
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ye Man Tang, Nisha S Pulimood, Stefano Stifani
As the resident immune cells of the healthy nervous system, homeostatic microglia can rapidly become activated in response to injury/disease. Dysregulated microglia activation is a hallmark of nervous system disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. The elucidation of the biological and pathological roles of microglia has recently benefitted from the development of microglia-like cells using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based approaches...
2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36464817/rab11-and-its-role-in-neurodegenerative-diseases
#29
REVIEW
Pinky Sultana, Jiri Novotny
Vesicles mediate the trafficking of membranes/proteins in the endocytic and secretory pathways. These pathways are regulated by small GTPases of the Rab family. Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of GTPases, which are significantly involved in various intracellular trafficking and signaling processes in the nervous system. Rab11 is known to play a key role especially in recycling many proteins, including receptors important for signal transduction and preservation of functional activities of nerve cells...
2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36458733/abstracts
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36383501/translocation-of-high-mobility-group-box-1-from-the-nucleus-to-the-cytoplasm-in-depressed-patients-with-epilepsy
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Li Li, Shu Wang, Chong-Yang Tang, Hao-Wei Ma, Zi-Zhang Cheng, Meng Zhao, Wei-Jin Sun, Xiong-Fei Wang, Meng-Yang Wang, Tian-Fu Li, Xue-Ling Qi, Jian Zhou, Guo-Ming Luan, Yu-Guang Guan
Depression is a common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, especially those with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to assess changes in high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) expression in epileptic patients with and without comorbid depression. Sixty patients with drug-resistant TLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were enrolled. Anterior hippocampal samples were collected after surgery and analyzed by immunofluorescence ( n  = 7/group). We also evaluated the expression of HMGB1 in TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and measured the level of plasma HMGB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...
2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36330653/neural-stem-cells-in-adult-mammals-are-not-astrocytes
#32
REVIEW
Fernando Janczur Velloso, Sandhya Shankar, Vladimir Parpura, Pasko Rakic, Steven W Levison
At the turn of the 21st century studies of the cells that resided in the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) characterized the neural stem cells (NSCs) as a subtype of astrocyte. Over the ensuing years, numerous studies have further characterized the properties of these NSCs and compared them to parenchymal astrocytes. Here we have evaluated the evidence collected to date to establish whether classifying the NSCs as astrocytes is appropriate and useful. We also performed a meta-analysis with 4 previously published datasets that used cell sorting and unbiased single-cell RNAseq to highlight the distinct gene expression profiles of adult murine NSCs and niche astrocytes...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36317314/multitarget-activities-of-m%C3%A3-ller-glial-cells-and-low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related-protein-1-in-proliferative-retinopathies
#33
REVIEW
María C Sanchez, Gustavo A Chiabrando
Müller glial cells (MGCs), the main glial component of the retina, play an active role in retinal homeostasis during development and pathological processes. They strongly monitor retinal environment and, in response to retinal imbalance, activate neuroprotective mechanisms mainly characterized by the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Under these circumstances, if homeostasis is not reestablished, the retina can be severely injured and GFAP contributes to neuronal degeneration, as they occur in several proliferative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36317305/microglia-in-circumventricular-organs-the-pineal-gland-example
#34
REVIEW
Estela M Muñoz
The circumventricular organs (CVOs) are unique areas within the central nervous system. They serve as a portal for the rest of the body and, as such, lack a blood-brain barrier. Microglia are the primary resident immune cells of the brain parenchyma. Within the CVOs, microglial cells find themselves continuously challenged and stimulated by local and systemic stimuli, even under steady-state conditions. Therefore, CVO microglia in their typical state often resemble the activated microglial forms found elsewhere in the brain as they are responding to pathological conditions or other stressors...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36317290/circadian-clock-glucocorticoids-and-nf-%C3%AE%C2%BAb-signaling-in-neuroinflammation-implicating-glucocorticoid-induced-leucine-zipper-as-a-molecular-link
#35
REVIEW
Mythily Srinivasan, Chandler Walker
Inflammation including neuroinflammation is considered a protective response and is directed to repair, regenerate, and restore damaged tissues in the central nervous system. Persistent inflammation due to chronic stress, age related accrual of free radicals, subclinical infections or other factors lead to reduced survival and increased neuronal death. Circadian abnormalities secondary to altered sleep/wake cycles is one of the earliest signs of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain specific or global deficiency of core circadian trans-activator brain and muscle ARNT (Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-like protein 1 (BMAL1) or that of the transrepressor REV-ERBα, impaired neural function and cognitive performance in rodents...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36285433/new-target-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-neuroinflammation-microglia-iron-accumulation-and-ferroptosis
#36
REVIEW
Shunfeng Liu, Xue Gao, Shouhong Zhou
Microglia play an important role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis and are the major immune cells in the brain. In response to internal or external inflammatory stimuli, microglia are activated and release numerous inflammatory factors, thus leading to neuroinflammation. Inflammation and microglia iron accumulation promote each other and jointly promote the progression of neuroinflammation. Inhibiting microglia iron accumulation prevents neuroinflammation. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation-driven type of cell death regulation...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36221892/defibrinogenation-ameliorates-retinal-microgliosis-and-inflammation-in-a-cx3cr1-independent-manner
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Borna Sarker, Sandra M Cardona, Kaira A Church, Difernando Vanegas, Priscila Velazquez, Colin Rorex, Derek Rodriguez, Andrew S Mendiola, Timothy S Kern, Nadia D Domingo, Robin Stephens, Isabel A Muzzio, Astrid E Cardona
Diabetic human and murine retinas revealed pronounced microglial morphological activation and vascular abnormalities associated with inflammation. Pharmacological fibrinogen depletion using ancrod dampened microglial morphology alterations, resolved fibrinogen accumulation, rescued axonal integrity, and reduced inflammation in the diabetic murine retina.
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36203371/acute-manganese-exposure-modifies-the-translation-machinery-via-pi3k-akt-signaling-in-glial-cells
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jzmín Soto-Verdugo, Janisse Siva-Parra, Luisa C Hernández-Kelly, Arturo Ortega
We demonstrate herein that short-term exposure of radial glia cells to Manganese, a neurotoxic metal, induces an effect on protein synthesis, altering the protein repertoire of these cells.
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36164936/multispectral-leds-eliminate-lipofuscin-associated-autofluorescence-for-immunohistochemistry-and-cd44-variant-detection-by-in-situ-hybridization-in-aging-human-non-human-primate-and-murine-brain
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philip A Adeniyi, Katie-Anne Fopiano, Fatima Banine, Mariel Garcia, Xi Gong, C Dirk Keene, Larry S Sherman, Zsolt Bagi, Stephen A Back
A major limitation of mechanistic studies in aging brains is the lack of routine methods to robustly visualize and discriminate the cellular distribution of tissue antigens using fluorescent immunohistochemical multi-labeling techniques. Although such approaches are routine in non-aging brains, they are not consistently feasible in the aging brain due to the progressive accumulation of autofluorescent pigments, particularly lipofuscin, which strongly excite and emit over a broad spectral range. Consequently, aging research has relied upon colorimetric antibody techniques, where discrimination of tissue antigens is often challenging...
January 2022: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36114624/cuprizone-induced-demyelination-in-mouse-brain-is-not-due-to-depletion-of-copper
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan L Morgan, Wulin Teo, Yda Hernandez, Craig Brideau, Karen Cummins, Hedwich F Kuipers, Peter K Stys
The demyelinating effects of CPZ are not due to Cu deficiency but are instead consistent with acute toxicity of a CPZ + Cu complex.
January 2022: ASN Neuro
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