Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology

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INTRODUCTION: Although cataract surgery training is considered an integral part of all ophthalmology residency programs in Nepal, there is no literature about the training patterns and its effectiveness. The objective was to study the perspectives of young ophthalmologists towards the patterns and quality of cataract surgery training in their residency programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous web-based survey was conducted among MD Ophthalmology graduates completing their residency between January 2018 and December 2020 in Nepal...

INTRODUCTION: Ocular hypertension is a condition with elevated intraocular pressure that needs to be monitored closely to prevent glaucoma and other complications. The study aims to find out the prevalence of ocular hypertension in patients aged more than 40 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in a community based tertiary hospital of Nepal. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 47.53years...

INTRODUCTION: Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare autosomal recessive stromal dystrophy. The prevalence of inherited diseases varies in different communities. It is not commonly observed in Nepal. CASE: A 14-year male presented with bilateral gradual and painless blurred vision with photophobia of three years duration. Cornea of both eyes showed focal grayish opacities in anterior and mid stroma with intervening stromal haze. There was no history of consanguinity in the family...

INTRODUCTION: Iridofundal colobomas, being developmental defects, are known to be accompanied by several ocular anomalies but an association with vitreous hemorrhage and an intraocular mass has not been reported earlier. CASE: We report a case of an 18 years old subject having iridofundal coloboma in both eyes and an association of vitreous hemorrhage and an intraocular mass in the left eye. The diagnosis was confirmed with a detailed ocular examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, swept-source optical coherence tomography and ultrasonography...

INTRODUCTION: Mycotic scleral abscess after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a rare entity and a scleral abscess caused by Aspergillus flavus following PPV has not been reported in the literature. We describe the clinical presentation, complication and management outcome in a patient, who developed a mycotic scleral abscess at the infusion port site after 20 gauge pars plana vitrectomy. CASE: Two weeks after pars plana vitrectomy, a patient presented with a scleral abscess at the site of infusion port...

INTRODUCTION: The eye hospitals of low-income countries including Nepal are not equipped with imaging modalities including CT scan, UBM and Pentacam but most of them have ophthalmic ultrasound. We evaluate the utility of routine ultrasound for proper localization and confirmation of the intra-lenticular foreign body along with detection of the status of the posterior capsule using immersion technique. CASE: Four consecutive cases with intra-lenticular foreign bodies presenting to the vitreo-retina department of Lumbini Eye Institute were included in the study...

INTRODUCTION: Corneal squamous neoplasia is less common than that of conjunctiva and can cause diagnostic confusion. CASE: A 40-year-old male presented with gradual onset blurring of vision in left eye for 8 weeks. He had received treatment for dry eyes, then for herpetic dendritic keratitis, but without improvement. On slit-lamp examination with diffuse light, apparently the cornea looked clear with some dilated conjunctival vessels nasally. But in the retro-illumination, on the corneal surface, there was a translucent inverted "V" shaped lesion with irregular fimbricated margin...

INTRODUCTION: Joubert syndrome is an inherited disorder of rare occurrence usually presenting as developmental delay, hypotonia, hyperpnea and ataxia. The diagnosis is confirmed by characteristic findings in neuroimaging. Involvement of ocular, renal and hepatic systems can be present. Joubert syndrome presenting first to an ophthalmologist is very uncommon. CASE: A twenty-one-year female, with history of delayed milestones, infantile hemiplegia with hearing and visual impairment was referred for visual assessment...

INTRODUCTION: Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness in the first three decades of life along with hypotrichosis. CASE: We herein report a case of a five year old boy with hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy diagnosed with multi-modal imaging which was later confirmed by genetic testing by whole genome sequencing. OBSERVATIONS: Fundus examination of both eyes revealed symmetrical hypopigmentation in peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) involving posterior pole and surrounded by a mottled hyperpigmented border...

INTRODUCTION: Ocular Rosacea is a poly etiological chronic inflammatory disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. It is primarily a dermatologic disease, which often manifests in the eyes affecting eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. The leading role in the pathological process belongs to the disruption of regulatory mechanisms in the vascular, immune, and nervous systems. The varied manifestation can be erythematous pustular lesions on the face, chronic blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, evaporative dry eye, peripheral corneal ulceration, corneal scarring, perforation, and neovascularization...

INTRODUCTION: Chorioretinitis sclopetaria (CS) is a rare consequence of ocular injury. Its association with open globe injury (OGI) and retinal detachment (RD) is controversial. This study evaluates patterns of chorioretinitis sclopetaria and its association with open globe injury and retinal detachment. CASE: This is an electronic review of records of a tertiary eye care institute of south India with descriptive analysis of six cases. Cases where fundus findings of chorioretinitis sclopetaria were available were included...

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a geopolitical union of 8 member states of South Asia, one of the rapidly transforming regions in the world. It houses 25% of the world population, with a similar rise in at-risk population for diabetes and its complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), is one of the major causes of blindness and visual impairment. Despite the region's dramatic demographic and economic transformation, its healthcare system is nascent enough to achieve the over-reaching recommendations by developed countries...

INTRODUCTION: Major cause of irreversible blindness is glaucoma which is increasing as a significant global health problem. Knowledge of glaucoma burden and its clinical characteristics in this region is essential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional hospital -based study conducted at Glaucoma unit in CHEERS Hospital, Bhaktapur from August 2015 to July 2019. Patients' demographic profile, along with comprehensive eye examination findings were reviewed from the records...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of reconstruction of a contracted socket is to retain a satisfactory prosthesis. Simple procedures to modify the socket architecture as first line options could avoid multiple staged procedures, increased surgical time, harvesting tissues or use of allografts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of modifying the socket architecture by making conjunctival relaxing incisions leaving it bare to re-epithelialize and compare it to dermis-fat graft...

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to assess the outcome of the modified wheeler technique with lower eyelid retractor plication for the correction of Involutional (senile) entropion among the study patients Materials and methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted in two tertiary eye hospitals of Bangladesh from 1 July to 31 December, 2020. This study included all patients undergoing modified wheeler technique with inferior lid retractor plication and followed up to at least one year and six months between 01 January 2015 to 31 December, 2019...

INTRODUCTION: Cortical visual impairment (CVI) in children is a retro chiasmal visual tract disorder where there is with an impairment in the visual acuity and/or functionality of vision-guided task, including motor planning in the presence of normal ocular findings or minimal ocular morbidity. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge about CVI among ophthalmologists practicing in Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. Data collection was done by administering a preformed, validated questionnaire that was sent via email to all the ophthalmologists registered under the Nepal Ophthalmic Society...

INTRODUCTION: As the number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing because of urbanization and change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, the number of diabetic retinopathy is also expected to increase in future. [1] [sa2] We aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the tertiary eye hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is the observational cross-sectional study enrolling 420 diabetic patients visiting the multispecialty tertiary eye hospital between March 2020 and February 2021...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate outcomes and complications of temporary suture tarsorrhaphy (TST) in cases of impending corneal ulcer perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case records of patients who underwent temporary suture tarsorrhaphy at Mechi Eye Hospital during a period of 18 months were retrospectively evaluated. All the smear positive fungal keratitis with more than 5mm infiltration involving central and/or paracentral cornea with impending corneal perforation were included...

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma will affect 79.6 million individuals by 2020, according to projections. Improved glaucoma screening and treatment approaches are urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients who visit Bharatpur Eye Hospital and aims to calculate the number of new diagnoses of glaucoma from 01 February 2020 to 15 March 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital-based, cross-section study...