journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25379057/testosterone-hdl-and-cardiovascular-risk-in-men-the-jury-is-still-out
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katya B Rubinow, Stephanie T Page
"Even when reductions in HDL-cholesterol are observed as a consequence of androgen therapy, the implications for cardiovascular risk modification remain highly uncertain."
August 1, 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23136583/lipoprotein-a-and-cardiovascular-disease-in-diabetic-patients
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qibin Qi, Lu Qi
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a LDL-like particle consisting of an ApoA moiety linked to one molecule of ApoB(100). Recent data from large-scale prospective studies and genetic association studies provide highly suggestive evidence for a potentially causal role of Lp(a) in affecting risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations. Patients with Type 2 diabetes display clustered metabolic abnormalities and elevated risk of CVD. Lower plasma Lp(a) levels were observed in diabetic patients in several recent studies...
August 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25152773/therapeutic-potential-of-cyclodextrins-in-the-treatment-of-niemann-pick-type-c-disease
#23
Benny Liu
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral lipid and storage disorder characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol within the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of all cells in the body. This disease primarily affects children and is characterized by hepatic and pulmonary dysfunction, neurodegeneration and death at an early age. Currently, there is no effective treatment for NPC disease. It was recently discovered that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPBCD), when administered systemically to a murine model of either NPC1 or NPC2 disease, significantly reduced lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in almost every organ, delayed the progression of neurodegeneration and significantly prolonged lifespan by allowing trapped cholesterol within the late endosome/lysosome to be released...
June 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23197995/utilizing-imaging-tools-in-lipidology-examining-the-potential-of-mri-for-monitoring-cholesterol-therapy
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xue-Qiao Zhao, William S Kerwin
Lipid abnormalities play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipid therapies result in alterations in atherosclerotic plaques including halting of progression of the plaque, lipid transport out of the plaque and reducing inflammatory activity, which lead to plaque morphologies that are less prone to disruption, the main cause of clinical events. In order to investigate and monitor plaque morphological changes during lipid therapy in vivo we need an imaging method that can provide accurate assessment of plaque tissue components and activity...
June 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22942904/sleep-sleep-disordered-breathing-and-lipid-homeostasis-translational-evidence-from-murine-models-and-children
#25
Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Fahed Hakim, David Gozal
Impaired sleep, particularly in the context of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is associated with a vast array of comorbidities, including obesity. It is well known that the etiology of obesity is both complex and multifactorial. Recent trends have shown that obesity rates have risen at an alarming rate in children, and this has likely contributed to an increased prevalence of SDB in children. Like the 'chicken and the egg' hypothesis, the temporal relationship of obesity and SDB is unclear but it is speculated that these two conditions converge to promote a fundamental disruption to normal lipid homeostasis...
April 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22859919/hepatobiliary-transport-in-health-and-disease
#26
Jeannie Chan, John L Vandeberg
Bile salts, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine are secreted across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes into bile by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Secretion of bile salts by ABCB11 is essential for bile flow and for absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. ABCG5 and ABCG8 eliminate excess cholesterol and sterols from the body by secreting them into bile. There are two mechanisms to protect the canalicular membrane from solubilization by bile salts; ABCB4 secretes phosphatidylcholine into bile to form mixed micelles with bile salts, and ATP8B1 maintains the canalicular membrane in a liquid-ordered state...
April 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22707981/ldl-lowering-in-peripheral-arterial-disease-are-there-benefits-beyond-reducing-cardiovascular-morbidity-and-mortality
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amy W Pollak, Christopher M Kramer
Peripheral arterial disease affecting the lower extremities is associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular events and reduced functional capacity due to claudication. There is abundant evidence to support the role of lipid lowering with statins in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Over the last 10 years, multiple studies have been designed to test the theory that LDL C lowering with statins could result in improved exercise performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease...
April 1, 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22545070/the-juvenile-batten-disease-protein-cln3-and-its-role-in-regulating-anterograde-and-retrograde-post-golgi-trafficking
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susan L Cotman, John F Staropoli
Loss-of-function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, which is an incurable lysosomal disease that manifests with vision loss, followed by seizures and progressive neurodegeneration, robbing children of motor skills, speech and cognition, and eventually leading to death in the second or third decade of life. Emerging clinical evidence points to JNCL pathology outside of the CNS, including the cardiovascular system. The CLN3 gene encodes an unusual transmembrane protein, CLN3 or battenin, whose elusive function has been the subject of intense study for more than 10 years...
February 2012: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22216062/management-of-dyslipidemia-in-hiv-infected-patients
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos D Malvestutto, Judith A Aberg
Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically increased survival for HIV-infected individuals. As this population lives longer, coronary heart disease has become an important comorbid condition. Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals is a complex condition, with multiple contributing factors including the HIV virus itself, individual genetic characteristics and antiretroviral therapy-induced metabolic changes. Effective management of dyslipidemia in this population is essential to reduce cardiovascular risk but presents multiple challenges due to interactions between antiretroviral therapy agents and lipid-lowering medications...
August 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22162980/lysophosphatidic-acid-effects-on-atherosclerosis-and-thrombosis
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei-Zhen Cui
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been found to accumulate in high concentrations in atherosclerotic lesions. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid produced by activated platelets and formed during the oxidation of LDL. Accumulating evidence suggests that this lipid mediator may serve as an important risk factor for development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The role of LPA in atherogenesis is supported by the evidence that LPA: stimulates endothelial cells to produce adhesion molecules and chemoattractants; induces smooth muscle cells to produce inflammatory cytokines; stimulates smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration; increases monocyte migration and decreases monocyte-derived cell emigration from the vessel wall; induces hypertension and vascular neointimal formation in vivo; and promotes plaque progression in a mouse atherosclerosis model...
August 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22162979/clinical-applications-of-advanced-lipoprotein-testing-in-diabetes-mellitus
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danyaal S Moin, Anand Rohatgi
Traditional lipid profiles often fail to fully explain the elevated cardiovascular risk of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Advanced lipoprotein testing offers a novel means to evaluate dyslipidemia and refine risk estimation. Numerous observational studies have demonstrated a characteristic pattern of elevated levels of small, dense LDL particles, out of proportion to traditional lipid levels, in patients with both diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Commonly used glucose and lipid-lowering agents have varied effects in patients with diabetes on both LDL and HDL subfractions...
August 1, 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22162978/atherogenic-dyslipidemia-and-cardiovascular-risk-in-children-with-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease
#32
Naim Alkhouri, Christine Carter-Kent, Michael Elias, Ariel E Feldstein
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now regarded as the most common form of chronic liver disease in adults and children. The close association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the metabolic syndrome has been extensively described. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggest that NAFLD by itself confers a substantial cardiovascular risk independent of the other components of the metabolic syndrome. Given the significant potential for morbidity and mortality in these patients, and the large proportion of both pediatric and adult population affected, it is important that we clearly define the overall risk, identify early predictors for cardiovascular disease progression, and establish management strategies...
June 1, 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21808658/regulation-of-microsomal-triglyceride-transfer-protein
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Mahmood Hussain, Niels Nijstad, Lisa Franceschini
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) facilitates the transport of dietary and endogenous fat by the intestine and liver by assisting in the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Higher concentrations of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins predispose individuals to various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. These can potentially be avoided by reducing MTP activity. In this article, we discuss regulation of MTP during development, cellular differentiation and diurnal variation...
June 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21804863/modulation-of-dendritic-cell-function-by-pge2-and-dha-a-framework-for-understanding-the-role-of-dendritic-cells-in-neuroinflammation
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doina Ganea, Virginia Kocieda, Weimin Kong, Jui-Hung Yen
Neuroinflammation characterizes various neurological disorders. Peripheral immune cells and CNS-resident glia contribute to neuroinflammation and impact CNS degeneration, recovery and regeneration. Recently, the role of dendritic cells in neuroinflammation received special attention. The function of infiltrating immune cells and resident glia is affected by various factors, including lipid mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-6 arachidonic acid and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant in the CNS, play an important role in neuroinflammation...
June 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22701512/the-structural-and-functional-role-of-myelin-fast-migrating-cerebrosides-pathological-importance-in-multiple-sclerosis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Podbielska, Steven B Levery, Edward L Hogan
A family of neutral glycosphingolipids containing a 3-O-acetyl-sphingosine galactosylceramide (3-SAG) has been characterized. Seven new derivatives of galactosylceramide (GalCer), designated as fast-migrating cerebrosides (FMCs) by TLC retention factor, have been identified. The simplest compounds - FMC-1 and FMC-2 - of this series have been characterized as the 3-SAG containing nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acyl, respectively. The next two - FMC-3 and FMC-4 - add 6-O-acetyl-galactose and the most complex glycosphingolipids, FMC-5, -6 and -7, are 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-SAG...
April 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21818183/associations-of-bmi-and-its-fat-free-and-fat-components-with-blood-lipids-in-children-project-heartbeat
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shifan Dai, Mona A Eissa, Lyn M Steffen, Janet E Fulton, Ronald B Harrist, Darwin R Labarthe
AIM: This study aimed to distinguish between the roles of the two components of BMI, the fat mass (FM) index and the fat-free mass (FFM) index, in BMI's association with blood lipids in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 678 children (49.1% female, 79.9% non-black), initially aged 8, 11 and 14 years, were followed at 4-month intervals for up to 4 years (1991-1995). Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides were determined in fasting blood samples. FFM index and FM index were calculated as FFM (kg)/height (m)(2) and FM (kg)/height (m)(2), respectively...
April 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21743815/variations-in-lipid-levels-according-to-menstrual-cycle-phase-clinical-implications
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sunni L Mumford, Sonya Dasharathy, Anna Z Pollack, Enrique F Schisterman
Understanding variations in lipoprotein cholesterol levels throughout the menstrual cycle is important because there may be clinical implications regarding the appropriate timing of measurement and implications on the design and interpretation of studies in women of reproductive age. Our objective was to review the evidence comparing lipoprotein cholesterol levels throughout the menstrual cycle among premenopausal women. Overall, lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed to vary in response to changing estrogen levels...
April 1, 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21686058/perivascular-adipose-tissue-and-vascular-disease
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathryn A Britton, Caroline S Fox
Perivascular adipose tissue is a local deposit of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature. Perivascular adipose tissue is present throughout the body and has been shown to have a local effect on blood vessels. The influence of perivascular adipose tissue on the vasculature changes with increasing adiposity. This article describes the anatomy and pathophysiology of perivascular adipose tissue and the experimental evidence supporting its local adverse effect on the vasculature. Methods for quantifying perivascular adipose tissue in free-living populations will be described...
February 2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32983264/new-approaches-for-the-discovery-of-lipid%C3%A2-related-genes
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanne E Curran, Peter J Meikle, John Blangero
"New high-dimensional canonical lipid phenotyping methods … are coming together to suggest a new paradigm for lipid gene discovery that is likely to be more successful than prior efforts."
2011: Clinical Lipidology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26207146/the-accord-lipid-study-implications-for-treatment-of-dyslipidemia-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marshall Elam, Laura Lovato, Henry Ginsberg
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia, comprised mainly of hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C, with either statin or fibrate monotherapy, is moderately effective at reversing the abnormal lipid levels, but does not completely reverse the risk of CVD. Combination therapy with a statin and fibrate more effectively treats diabetic dyslipidemia; however, neither the impact on CVD risk nor the safety profile of statin-fibrate combined treatment had been tested in a large randomized trial...
2011: Clinical Lipidology
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