George Markousis-Mavrogenis, Lukas Baumhove, Ali A Al-Mubarak, Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem, Nils Bomer, Adriaan A Voors, Peter van der Meer
The immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, it is currently underused as a therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Moreover, the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies and their investigation for the treatment of patients with heart failure are hampered by the fact that currently used, evidence-based treatments for heart failure exert multiple immunomodulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge on how evidence-based treatments for heart failure affect the immune system in addition to their primary mechanism of action, both to inform practising physicians about these pleiotropic actions and to create a framework for the development and application of future immunomodulatory therapies...
September 14, 2023: Nature Reviews. Cardiology