Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research

Pachychoroid disease spectrum is a recent term that has been associated with an increasing number of phenotypes. This review discusses updated findings for each of the typical pachychoroid entities (central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and focal choroidal excavation), as well as two relatively new additions (peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with functioning tube shunts. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with a functioning tube who underwent phacoemulsification and had <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo></mml:math>24 months of follow-up. The primary end point was defined as surgical failure (IOP <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of fluorescein dye usage on renal function in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: Diabetic patients with retinopathy who were candidate for fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) were evaluated for serum creatinine and urea levels within five days prior to performing the FA. Serum creatinine levels of 1.5 mg/dl or more in males and 1.4 mg/dl or more in females were both identified as CKD and were included in the study...

PURPOSE: To evaluate parental perspectives of accessing eye care for children aged under seven years. METHODS: The survey was conducted during September 2020 to March 2021 using online applications and distributed to parents whose children were between the ages of three and seven years. The survey included parents' background, their knowledge of the provision of eye-care services, and the possible barriers that existed to access eye-care services. The relationship between parents' knowledge, barrier scores, level of parental education, and demographic or socioeconomic status was assessed using nonparametric tests...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcome of surgical punctal occlusion with combined canaliculi ablation and punctal suturing in patients with severe dry eye. METHODS: Eleven eyes of seven patients were diagnosed with severe dry eye with decreased lacrimal secretion and were refractory to treatment with various eye drops and/or had repeatedly experienced loss of punctal plugs, and continued to experience subjective symptoms received surgical punctal occlusion...

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PURPOSE: Assessment of the pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) responses in different areas of visual fields in individuals with normal vision. METHODS: This study was conducted on 80 eyes of normal subjects aged 18-35 years. All participants underwent refraction and visual acuity examination. Visual evoked potential (VEP) responses were recorded in different areas of field. The repeated measure test was used to compare the P100 latency and amplitude of PVEP among different areas...

PURPOSE: This study investigates the effect of one versus two fenestrations on both fluid egress and opening pressure from a non-valved glaucoma implant. METHODS: In this laboratory study, we used an in vitro closed system comprised of ligated silicone tubing connected to a fluid reservoir and manometer to simulate the tubing found in a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant. Fenestrations were created using an 8-0 Vicryl TG140-8 suture needle. Main outcome measures included volume of fluid egress and fenestration opening pressures, which were measured via micropipette and increasing pressure until fluid egress was observed...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept injections (IVZ) on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) as well as on central macular thickness (CMT) and on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME). METHODS: Fifty-seven eyes of 36 patients with CI-DME were included in this prospective interventional case series. Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT were performed at baseline followed by three monthly 1...

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PURPOSE: To measure the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) among the 40+ age population in two coastal districts of India and to determine the levels of effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) and effective refractive error coverage (eREC) in the study population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done on 4200 people chosen using cluster sampling in two coastal districts of Odisha, an eastern state in India. A team consisting of trained optometrists and social workers conducted the ocular examination which included unaided, pinhole, and aided visual acuity assessments followed by examination of the anterior segment and lens...

PURPOSE: In this study, we describe different orbital space-occupying lesions (SOLs) from a referral center in Iran. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, all records of "orbital tumors" with a definite histopathologic diagnosis at a referral center in Iran were reviewed from April 2008 to May 2020. RESULTS: A total of 375 orbital SOLs were included. The study population consisted of 212 (56.5%) female and 163 (43.5%) male subjects with overall mean age of 31...

PURPOSE: To present the outcome of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) managed successfully with an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap over the optic disc. A narrative review of ODPM pathogenesis and surgical management techniques are also provided. CASE REPORT: This prospective interventional case series included three eyes of three adult patients (25-39 years old) with unilateral ODPM and a mean duration of unilaterally decreased visual acuity of 7.33 <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

PURPOSE: To report a case of a rare disease entity Posterior Microphthalmos Pigmentary Retinopathy Syndrome (PMPRS) in a 47-year-old female with a brief review of literature. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old woman presented with a history of defective vision with an associated difficulty in night vision. Clinical workup was done, which included a thorough ocular examination showing diffuse pigmentary mottling of fundus, ocular biometry showing short axial length with normal anterior segment dimensions, electroretinography showing extinguished response, optical coherence tomography showing foveoschisis, and ultrasonography showing thickened sclera-choroidal complex...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Ophthalmology is one of the major imaging-intensive fields of medicine and thus has potential for extensive applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to advance diagnosis, drug efficacy, and other treatment-related aspects of ocular disease. AI has made impressive progress in ophthalmology within the past few years and two autonomous AI-enabled systems have received US regulatory approvals for autonomously screening for mid-level or advanced diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. While no autonomous AI-enabled system for glaucoma screening has yet received US regulatory approval, numerous assistive AI-enabled software tools are already employed in commercialized instruments for quantifying retinal images and visual fields to augment glaucoma research and clinical practice...

PURPOSE: Currently, two major principles exist to create LASIK flaps: firstly, a strictly horizontal (2D) cut similar to the microkeratome-cut and secondly an angled cut with a "step-like" edge (3D). The strictly horizontal (2D) cut method can be performed using apparatus such as the low-energy FEMTO LDV Z8 laser and its predecessors which are specific to this type. Alternatively, the low-energy FEMTO LDV Z8 laser's 3D flap design creates an interlocking flap-interface surface which potentially contributes toward flap stability...

PURPOSE: In this study, an algorithm based on deep learning was presented to reduce the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) segmentation errors in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans using ophthalmologists' manual segmentation as a reference standard. METHODS: In this study, we developed an image segmentation network based on deep learning to automatically identify the RNFL thickness from B-scans obtained with SD-OCT. The scans were collected from Farabi Eye Hospital (500 B-scans were used for training, while 50 were used for testing)...

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