NCHS Data Brief

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders of childhood (1). It is characterized by a pattern of inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity that leads to functional impairment experienced in multiple settings (2). Symptoms of ADHD occur during childhood, and many children continue to have symptoms and impairment through adolescence and into adulthood (3). This report describes the percentage of children and adolescents ages 5-17 years who had ever been diagnosed with ADHD from the 2020-2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)...

Chronic school absenteeism can lead to poorer academic performance and school engagement for students (1). It is also a risk factor for school dropout (2,3), which is associated with many long-term health impacts (4,5). This report uses data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe the percentage of children ages 5‒17 who experienced chronic school absenteeism due to illness, injury, or disability by sociodemographic and health factors.

Hysterectomy is one of the most common procedures for women in the United States (1,2). Hysterectomy removes the uterus and is used to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and gynecological cancer (3). It can be performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis (4,5). This report uses 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of women age 18 and older who have had a hysterectomy by selected sociodemographic characteristics.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men and women in the United States (1). Vaccination prevents and controls HPV infection and associated outcomes, including genital warts, precancerous lesions, and certain cancers, such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal (2,3). HPV vaccination in the United States has been recommended for girls since 2006 and for boys since 2011 and requires multiple doses (2,3). This vaccine, targeted for children ages 11-12 years, may be started at age 9...

After reaching historic lows in 2000 and 2001, rates of primary and secondary syphilis in the overall U.S. population have increased nearly every year through 2022 (1). For 2017-2022, rates of syphilis for women of reproductive age and congenital syphilis (a disease that occurs when a mother with syphilis passes the infection on to her baby during pregnancy) increased by more than 250% (1,2). Congenital syphilis can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal and neonatal death, low birthweight, preterm birth, and brain and nerve disorders (2)...

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to an increase in telemedicine use among physicians, from 15.4% in 2019 to 86.5% in 2021 (1-4). Interest has increased in how telemedicine has affected a physician's ability to deliver quality care similar to an in-person office visit, and in technological barriers to telemedicine use (5). This report describes telemedicine use and challenges among physicians sampled in the 2021 National Electronic Health Records Survey. This report builds upon previous work (4) and describes the use of telemedicine, ability to provide quality care during telemedicine visits, satisfaction with telemedicine, and appropriateness of telemedicine use by physician specialty type...

Access to transportation may be required for many daily tasks, including going to work, health care visits, and obtaining groceries. Previous research suggests that a lack of transportation, especially among adults who are older, uninsured, and have lower incomes, leads to reduced access to health care, which may then lead to adverse health outcomes (1,2). Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey, this report describes the percentage of adults who lacked reliable transportation for daily living in the past 12 months by selected sociodemographic and geographic characteristics...

Cesarean delivery is major surgery associated with higher costs and adverse outcomes, such as surgical complications, compared with vaginal delivery (1-3). The cesarean delivery rate in Puerto Rico rose from just over 30% in the early to mid-1990s to over 40% by the early 2000s (4,5). During this time, cesarean delivery rates in Puerto Rico were 40%-70% higher than rates in the U.S. mainland and up to 78% higher than rates for Hispanic women in the U.S. mainland (4,5). This report describes trends in Puerto Rico's cesarean delivery rate from 2010 to 2022 and explores changes by maternal age, gestational age, and municipality from 2018 to 2022...

In 2021, diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States (1). Over 37 million Americans have diabetes (2). While it most often develops in people older than age 45 (3), its frequency is increasing in young adults (4). Among people with diabetes, increasing age is a risk factor for hospitalization (5). Emergency department (ED) visits by people with diabetes have been used to monitor access to care and healthcare use (6). This report describes ED visits made by adults with diabetes, and presents selected characteristics by age...

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multisystem illness characterized by activity-limiting fatigue, worsening of symptoms after activity, and other symptoms (1). It affects all age, sex, and racial and ethnic groups and costs the U.S. economy about $18-$51 billion annually (2-5). This report describes the percentage of adults who had ME/CFS at the time of interview by selected demographic and geographic characteristics based on data from the 2021-2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)...

Perinatal mortality(late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths younger than age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of health care before, during, and after delivery, and of the health status of the nation (1,2). The U.S. perinatal mortality rate declined 30% from 1990 through 2011, was stable from 2011 through 2016, and declined 4% from 2017 through 2019 (1,3-5). This report describes changes in perinatal mortality, as well as its components, late fetal and early neonatal mortality, from 2020 to 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic...

Although admission of a mother to an intensive care unit (ICU) during hospitalization for delivery is a relatively rare event, rates of mortality and severe morbidity are high for both mother and child when ICU care is necessary (1-4). Studies on maternal ICU admissions have generally focused on medical diagnoses related to admission, and most have been conducted using international data or data for a hospital or group of hospitals (4-10). Information on demographic characteristics of mothers admitted to ICUs is lacking at the national level...

Since the mid-1970s, cancer death rates for youth in the United States have declined significantly despite a slow increase in incidence for some of the major types (1-3). A previous report with trends from 1999 through 2014 showed declines for all 5-year age groups of youth (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19) (4). This Data Brief updates that report by presenting trends in cancer death rates through 2021. Rates from 2001 to 2021 are presented in total and for females and males. Rates for 2001, 2011, and 2021 are presented by 5-year age groups and for White, Black, and Hispanic youth...

Suicide is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, with an ageadjusted rate of 14.1 deaths per 100,000 population in 2021 (1). Older adults tend to have higher rates of suicide, although they represent a low percentage of the total number of suicides (2). Factors that specifically affect older adults can include declines in physical and cognitive functioning, changes in mental health, and other factors often associated with getting older, like bereavement, loneliness, and lack of social connectedness (3-8)...

Nonfatal injuries are major causes of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States (1). The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control estimated that, in 2020, 22.9 million ED visits related to nonfatal injuries occurred (1). Visits for assault (excluding sexual assault) represented 5.8% of these visits (1). This report uses the most recent data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) to present assault-related ED visit (excluding sexual assault) rates by selected demographic and hospital characteristics...

People who have had COVID-19 may continue to have symptoms or develop new symptoms months after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (1). This can lead to long-term health and economic impacts on those affected and on society (2). This report uses data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey to describe the percentage of adults who ever had or had Long COVID at the time of interview (currently have Long COVID) by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. Long COVID was defined as self-reporting the presence of symptoms for at least 3 months after having COVID-19 among those who reported either a positive test or a doctor's diagnosis of COVID-19...

While most individuals who contract COVID-19 feel better within a few weeks, others have new, returning, or ongoing symptoms that they did not have before COVID-19, which is often referred to as Long COVID (1). This report describes the percentage of children ages 0-17 years who ever had Long COVID or had Long COVID at the time of interview (currently have Long COVID) based on parent-reported data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Long COVID was defined as the presence of symptoms for at least 3 months after having COVID-19 among those who received either a positive test or a doctor's diagnosis of COVID-19...

This report presents selected highlights from 2022 final birth data on key demographic, healthcare utilization, and infant health indicators. The number of births, general fertility rates (GFRs) (births per 1,000 females aged 15-44), age-specific birth rates (births per 1,000 women in specified age group), and cesarean delivery and preterm (less than 37 weeks of gestation) birth rates are presented. Results for 2020, 2021, and 2022 are shown for all births to describe changes in birth patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic years (1,2)...

In 2021, 140 million emergency department (ED) visits occurred in the United States (1). During that year, about 4% of children had two or more ED visits in the past 12 months, and 18% of adults had visited the ED in the past 12 months (2,3). This report presents characteristics of ED visits by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, insurance, and mentions of COVID-19, using data from the 2021 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) (4).

Injuries can have physical (1), psychological (2,3), and economic (4) consequences, including problems with wound repair and persistent pain. Additionally, the consequences of injury may interfere with normal activities and return to work (1). This report describes the percentage of adults who had an injury that limited their usual activities in the past 3 months (an activitylimiting injury) by selected sociodemographic characteristics from the 2020 and 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).