Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR

INTRODUCTION: In the recent times, Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKDs) are emerging as a serious problem all over the world along with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The presence of proteinuria is considered as an indicator of increased risk of progressive kidney diseases. AIM: To determine the prevalence of proteinuria among an adult population of a tertiary care institute of Puducherry, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice areas of an urban health centre of a tertiary care institute, in Puducherry, India...

INTRODUCTION: In developing countries, suburban population is increasing. However, their health issues are rarely considered in studies. Socioeconomic and environmental factors in their neighbourhood can affect their lifestyle and health. Compared to men, women have fewer social resources and are more susceptible to an unfavourable environment, in general. AIM: To investigate the association between lifestyle and general health status in suburban women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This correlation, cross-sectional study assessed the lifestyle and general health, among suburban women living in Shirabad neighbourhood, Zahedan, Iran...

INTRODUCTION: Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) has emerged as a significant public health problem in India. The prolonged treatment duration in MDR TB is a challenge in achieving treatment completion and poses a threat to TB control in the country. Home based care is an approach accepted by patients because it helps in ameliorating their understanding of TB, improving the compliance and reducing stigma in the community. AIM: To assess the outcome of Home-Based Care (HC) versus No Home-Based Care (NHC) on the treatment of MDR TB patients registered at two chest clinics in Eastern Delhi...

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have shown increasing prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) among employed adults. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) which is a predictor of increasing CVD is a cluster of risk factors like central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension. Heredity, poor dietary choice, unhealthy lifestyle, job stress are some of the causes responsible for increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk among employed adults. AIM: To measure the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among employed adults in urban Delhi, India...

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia, and till now there is no suitable drug available for the complete cure of this disease. Now-a-days Probiotics, Lactobacillus strains play a therapeutic role in cognitive disorders through Gut-Brain Axis communication. AIM: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer properties of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC1325 against D-Galactose-induced Alzheimer's disease in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy rats (48) of wistar strain were divided into four groups viz...

Following is a satire on the plight of postgraduate medical entrance examinees in India. It highlights the questions they have to face during their entrance examination preparations and the annoying explanations they have to read in the entrance preparation books. Though the system of examination is improving in India, few loopholes do exist and need to be rectified. This article, thus, attracts the attention of readers towards one such backdrop regarding controversial/wrong/misprinted questions which has come a long way but still has scope of improvement...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Congenital limb anomalies are outcome of improper bone formation during embryonic development when cells divide, differentiate with high rate. So, telomerase activity is essential to maintain telomere length for such highly dividing cells. Here, we report four cases of congenital limb anomalies with detailed structures of limbs along with other clinical manifestations of age less than two years. We compared telomere length, expression of telomerase and telomere-associated genes of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) in patient and four age-matched normal individual...

INTRODUCTION: Enterococci are recognized as opportunistic pathogens, as well as commensals in both humans and animals. They are an important cause of nosocomial infections, difficult to treat, as the organism have intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics. AIM: To isolate and identify clinically relevant Enterococcus up to species level from all the clinical samples processed in the microbiology laboratory and also to study their resistance pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out for a period of one year from May 2014 to April 2015 at the Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India...

INTRODUCTION: Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions in Yq chromosome is one of the most frequent genetic cause associated with failure of spermatogenesis in males with infertility. AIM: To figure out the Yq chromosome microdeletions frequency in infertile men from Gujarat region of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 141 infertile men with azoospermia (n=41) and oligozoospermia (n=100) were examined along with 159 normozoospermic men...

A very large part of India's population fulfils its healthcare needs from government run healthcare delivery system which is free, contributory or highly subsidised. Use of medicines forms a large part of healthcare facility. As the number of medicines and brands are ever increasing in today's market, it is usual for pharmacy to substitute a generic instead of the prescribed brand or a different brand if the prescribed brand is not available. Depending on the type of substitute, it could fall under 'generic' or 'therapeutic' substitution...

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) may have a chronic course which may be recalcitrant to treatment. Preferred treatment modalities are systemic corticosteroids and thalidomide. Azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporine are immunosuppressants which may also be used as a steroid sparing agent. We report the case of a 48-year-old male diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy that developed ENL after four months of Multibacillary Multi-Drug Therapy (MB-MDT). He was treated with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) which was gradually tapered upto a dose of 7...

INTRODUCTION: Scientific studies revealed a high prevalence rate of self-medication among Iranians, nevertheless there are few studies exploring the factors affecting on. AIM: This study was conducted to detect the knowledge and behaviour of individuals who take antibiotics arbitrarily. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research population included all Iranian men and women between 20 and 60 years. The sample size based on previous studies and after applying the correction factor 1...

INTRODUCTION: National antibiotic stewardship programs aim to mitigate rising antimicrobial resistance and associated healthcare costs by promoting safe and appropriate antibiotic prescribing. AIM: This study aimed to analyse patient and clinician demographic factors that may influence antibiotic prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs). Trends in antibiotic prescribing patterns were also analysed over the study period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed data from the Australian National University Medical School Clinical Audit Project database, comprising data collected by students during patient encounters over a two week period each April-May between 2006 and 2015 (excluding 2013)...

Present study deals with results of fine needle aspiration of both the testes in a patient with azoospermia. Surprisingly, aspiration of right testis revealed large number of microfilariae in the smears. Conversely, left testicular aspirate showed few spermatogonia. However, microfilariae were not detected in venous blood smears. Findings of this study suggested possible role of Wuchereriabancrofti in causation of azoospermia.

Chondroid lipoma is a rare variant of lipoma and often confused with chondroid tumours such as soft tissue chondroma, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma. It consists of two components - adipose tissue and cartilaginous tissue. Differentiating chondroid lipoma from its malignant variant such as extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma is necessary as the treatment modality is more intense and aggressive for latter. Here we are presenting histopathological features and differential diagnosis in an unusual case of chondroid lipoma in a 40-year-old female...

Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumour (PHAT) is one of the rare soft tissue tumour which is non-metastasizing. The origin of this tumour is yet uncertain. It occurs in adults as a slow growing subcutaneous mass mimicking clinically and histologically to various benign and malignant soft tissue tumours such as schwannoma, haemangioma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The microscopic features of this tumour include clusters of ectatic, fibrin containing, hyalinized blood vessels with pleomorphic and spindle shaped tumour cells showing intranuclear inclusions, stromal haemosiderin pigment and a variable inflammatory infiltrate...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare entity with primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma in-situ being more uncommon. We report a 60-year-old multiparous post-menopausal woman who presented with a lower abdominal swelling alongwith difficulty in urination for five months. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy showed an enlarged uterus with pyometra. A diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma in-situ of the endometrium was made on histopathology.

Wilms' tumour, a renal malignancy, primarily occurs in children with a peak incidence between 2 to 5 years age group and accounts for approximately 95% of childhood renal malignancies. Though rarely, it may also occur in adults with an incidence rate of less than 0.2 per million per year. Microscopically, there is no difference between Wilms' tumour of paediatric and adult age groups. But the prognosis for adults with Wilms' tumour is thought to be worse than that for children possibly due to more aggressive clinical course in case of adult Wilms' tumour...