Pediatrics and Neonatology

BACKGROUNDS: Ample evidence supports potential influence of age at menarche (AM) on adult height (AH), but multiple confounders may affect causal estimates. To address this issue, the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal impacts of AM on AH. METHODS: Using data (n = 57,349) from the publicly accessible Taiwan Biobank and randomly splitting them into 2 equal-size subsets, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AM in the exploration subset and used these SNPs as instrumental variables to estimate the effects of instruments on AH in the validation subset based on two stage least squares (2SLS) regression...

OBJECTIVE: Histological chorioamnionitis (hCAM) is a major risk factor for early-onset sepsis. Predictive methods for hCAM are needed in clinical practice during the early postnatal period. To examine the relationship between hCAM and perinatal variables including early postnatal immature-to-total neutrophil ratio (ITR). STUDY DESIGN: A single-center study was undertaken at Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital between April 1, 2016 and June 30, 2023. Blood samples and placenta collected from study candidate infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were assessed by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis...

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BACKGROUND: Mild Th1 and Th17 immune responses in childhood against Helicobacter pylori are presumed to be responsible for H. pylori colonization and mucosal atrophy reduction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the childhood-specific immune responses observed after H. pylori infection by analyzing galectin expression in the gastric mucosa. We focused on galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), which function to suppress Th1 and Th17 immune responses...

OBJECTIVE: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndromes (PARDS). This study analyzed the clinical significance and potential mechanism of microRNA (miR)-629-5p in PARDS. METHODS: 82 children with PARDS and 82 controls were enrolled. Serum levels of miR-629-5p were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and its diagnostic significance with respect to for PARDS in children was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)...

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BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in infants induces brain injury and results in motor coordination impairments associated with cerebral palsy; however, preventive measures for HI brain injury in preterm infants remain unclear. We investigated the impact of progesterone (P4) in a rat HI insult model that mimics HI brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS: Neonatal male rats with their right common carotid artery coagulated were exposed to a 1-h hypoxia (6% oxygen) on postnatal day (PND) 3...

AIM: This study aimed to explore whether microRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as biomarkers of perinatal asphyxia and whether they were correlated with severity of brain magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 26 full-term newborns, including 10 with perinatal asphyxia and 16 healthy controls. Plasma samples were collected at 0-6 h and 7 days of age. Encephalopathy was classified according to modified Sarnat staging. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in surviving infants within 30 days of birth, and a score was established...

BACKGROUND: SCN1A channelopathy is the most well-known cause for epileptic encephalopathies and contributes to a wide phenotypic spectrum. The variable expressivity is troublesome for the interpretation of clinical significance and prognoses. To investigate the clinical manifestations, medications and outcomes of patients with SCN1A channelopathies, we conducted this observation retrospective study in Taiwan. METHODS: A cohort consisting of 16 patients (5 males and 11 females) from multiple centers with identified SCN1A variants was investigated and phenotypically relevant factors were recorded...

OBJECTIVE: Protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) epilepsy is a rare female restricted epilepsy syndrome with early onset seizures and developmental delay caused by a change or mutation of the PCDH19 gene on the X chromosome. SCN1A-negative patients with a Dravet-like phenotype may have a gene mutation in PCDH19. The aim of this case series was to characterize the phenotype of epileptic patients according to PCDH19 mutations, antiseizure medications, brain images and mutation types in Taiwan. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PCDH19 epilepsy from July 2017 to December 2021 from multiple centers in Taiwan...

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BACKGROUND: The present research aimed to investigate the clinical value of plasma miR-190 in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the impact of miR-190 on LPS-induced ARDS cell models. METHODS: The plasma miR-190 levels were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). LPS-treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were established and then transfected with miR-190 mimic, inhibitor, or miR-negative controls...

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BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress in its health sector, Bangladesh has a high burden of diarrheal mortality and morbidity in the South Asian region. Given recent major social and economic transitions in Bangladesh, it is important to examine how patterns of diarrhea and its treatment have evolved over the past few decades. The current study aims to assess the temporal changes in the frequency of diarrhea and identify the factors that influence whether affected children receive proper treatment...

BACKGROUND: Myeloablative, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) improves outcome in some high-risk malignant solid tumors and lymphomas in children and young adults. METHODS: We performed 16 peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvests in 12 children and 2 young adult patients with a high-risk malignant solid tumor or refractory/relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma from August 2015 to December 2020. In our chemotherapy mobilization protocol, we used an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of >1 × 109 /L following the nadir after chemotherapy as the criterion for undertaking the apheresis...