Open Ophthalmology Journal

Aim: The study aimed to elucidate whether the polymorphisms of the aldose reductase regulatory gene were risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Bali. Methods: This is a case-control study including 35 cases of T2DM patients with DR paired with 35 cases with non-DR as controls. PCR analysis and DNA-sequencing were carried out to detect the C(-106)T and C(-12)G polymorphisms at the regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene...

Objective: To assess the impact of the magnitude of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism on refractive outcomes in patients undergoing cataract surgery or lens exchange with an extended depth of focus intraocular lens. To compare visual outcomes of steep and temporal on-axis corneal incisions. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland. Design: Prospective cohort analysis. Methods: Fifty-three consecutive adult patients (94 eyes) undergoing routine phacoemulsification with Symfony IOL implantation were analysed...

Background: Refractive error is a common and serious eye disorder that affects more than 153 million people globally. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of refractive error among male primary school children in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected group of 395 students (aged 6-14 years) in Jazan region, Southwest Saudi Arabia. An optometrist and medical students assessed the refraction error using an autorefractor, a Snellen E chart and retinoscopy...

Background: Laser corneal refractive surgery suits, technology and nomograms are improving with time. This may improve the refractive and visual outcomes of the patients. Objectives: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, stability, and predictability of wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy and Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism over 1-year using WaveLight® EX500 Excimer Laser machine. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, refractive and visual outcomes in 596 eyes (365 patients), either having myopia or myopic astigmatism were assessed...

Background: The causes, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of optic neuritis are distinct among different populations. Early diagnosis based on clinical presentations plays an important role in treating optic neuritis patients. Objective: The study aimed to determine clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and predictive factors of treatment outcomes in optic neuritis patients with and without demyelinating disease. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of optic neuritis patients carried out between January 2009 and December 2016 was done...

Aims: To describe a new technique in Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK). Materials and Methods: In this technique, we use easily available materials (mainly a Nelaton tube) to make an injector for loading DSAEK lenticule and also easily pulling it (using a gauge 23 needle) into the eye. In this paper, we report outcomes of this technique in four cases. Results: Using these available instruments could easily lead to a clear postoperative cornea...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Purpose: To develop in vitro methods to assess binding by sodium hyaluronate in eye drops to corneal surfaces. Methods: Two different, complementary corneal binding set-ups were developed. In a dynamic in vitro model, confluent corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) were assembled in chamber slides and a declining channel. A static model was constructed with ex vivo porcine corneas clamped in Franz cells. To test the predictive capacity of models, four different eye drops containing sodium hyaluronate were spiked with tritium-labeled sodium hyaluronate to standardize quantification...

Aim: To evaluate the predictive factors of LASIK procedure for high myopia with or without astigmatism using a combination of high-frequency femtosecond-assisted LASIK followed by an excimer laser. Methods: This study was a retrospective interventional case series study to evaluate myopic eyes undergoing high platform LASIK with FEMTO LDV Z2 intervention, followed by WaveLight®EX500 excimer laser machine. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: high myopia (SE of -6...

Objective: To review the literature on current applications of corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL). Methods: A review of publications on corneal cross-linking was conducted. This included systemic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, case-controlled studies and case series. A summary of the publications is tabulated. Results: The original indication of riboflavin - Ultraviolet-A (UVA) induced corneal collagen cross-linking is to arrest the progression of keratoconus...

PURPOSE: To assess the advantages offered by the air pump assisted PDEK technique that utilizes pressurized Anterior Chamber (AC) air infusion. METHODS: Pressurized air infusion was provided through an anterior chamber maintainer connected to the fluid air exchange system of a posterior vitrectomy machine during surgery. RESULTS: Pressurized air infusion within the AC helped perform Descemetorhexis, prevented bleeding during Peripheral Iridectomy (PI) and synechiolysis, prevented oozing of blood from peripheral corneal neovascularization into the AC and thus helped maintain a non-fibrinous AC environment...

Worldwide, femtosecond Laser Assisted In-situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is a well known and commonly used refractive technique, although Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) has become increasingly popular since it was introduced in 2011. In LASIK, a corneal flap is cut with a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, followed by thinning of the stromal bed with excimer laser ablation. In SMILE, a minor intrastromal lenticule is cut with a femtosecond laser and subsequently removed through a small incision, leaving the anterior and strongest part of the cornea almost intact...

BACKGROUND: Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive disease that affects the corneal endothelium in both eyes. Recent studies have identified a novel genetic basis for FECD, and basic research findings have provided evidence for its underlying pathophysiology. Since its first description by Ernst Fuchs in 1910, the only therapeutic choice has been corneal transplantation using donor corneas. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a change in this "rule" may be imminent...

Background: LASIK Xtra is a recently described technique which combines LASIK and accelerated corneal cross-linking(CXL) in the same setting. Its long-term outcome in Asians with high myopia is not well described. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, predictability and safety of LASIK Xtra with LASIK in patients with high myopia. Method: This is a retrospective study comparing 50 consecutive eyes undergoing LASIK Xtra for the correction of high myopia and/or myopic astigmatism (-6...

Background: Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) is now becoming the popular form of endothelial keratoplasty using only donor DM with healthy endothelium as true component lamellar corneal surgery. Objective: To analyze the results of visual outcomes, endothelial cell loss and complications of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in first consecutive 100 Indian eyes. Methods: 100 eyes of 95 consecutive patients with endothelial dysfunctions of different etiologies scheduled for DMEK, were included in this study...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate iris thickness changes in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) or Ocular Hypertension (OHT) under treatment with Prostaglandin Analogues (PG). Objectives: Primary outcome measures were iris thickness at the region of Dilator Muscle Region (DMR) and Sphincter Muscle Region (SMR). DMR/SMR ratio was also evaluated. The secondary outcome was the correlation between PG treatment length and iris parameters. Methods: The charts of patients with POAG or OHT who underwent Visante OCT were retrospectively selected...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: The Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed Combination (TTFC) has demonstrated efficacy and safety in reducing Intraocular Pressure (IOP). However, direct comparisons of switching from tafluprost to TTFC are limited. Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of switching from tafluprost to TTFC in patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Thirty-four eyes (34 patients) with POAG that did not achieve adequate IOP reduction on tafluprost were switched to TTFC with no washout period...

Background: Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) is touted to be the most accurate tonometer for Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement. Non-Contact "air puff" Tonometry (NCT) may be the most commonly used tonometer for screening of IOP. Elevated IOP is important to exclude in patients presenting with headache or vision loss. Objective: To determine the agreement between DCT and NCT. Methods: The IOP of adult patients 50 years of age or older presenting with headache or vision loss for possible temporal artery biopsy were prospectively recorded...