Journal of Research in Health Sciences

BACKGROUND: Recurrent event data are often encountered in biomedical research, for example, recurrent infections or recurrent hospitalizations for patients after renal transplant. In many studies, there are more than one type of events of interest. We aimed to identify the association between two types of events using multivariate joint modeling and then apply this statistical method in the clinical data set. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Overall, 342 subjects with breast cancer whose records were registered for follow-up in a Cancer Research Center at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2006 to 2015 were investigated...

BACKGROUND: There are numerous reports regarding increasing childhood and adolescent mental health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Hamadan Province, west of Iran from July 2016 to May 2017. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The sample included 1025 Hamadan residents selected using multistage cluster sampling. Psychiatric disorders were assessed by semi-structured psychiatric interview Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL)...

BACKGROUND: Anemia is the most prevalent blood disorder in older adults which can have negative effects on the quality of life and lead to the onset of depressive symptoms. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia accompanied by depression among older people in the city of Amirkola, north of Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Overall, 1616 older people aged 60 and over (883 males and 733 females) were enrolled in the city of Amirkola, north of Iran since 2011...

BACKGROUND: Most of studies assessed the effect of Pb-exposure on serum total magnesium (tMg). The hypomagnesium condition depended on protein concentration in the sample and influence of lifestyle factors. This study assessed the effect of Pb- exposure on serum tMg, corrected Mg (cMg), ionized Mg (iMg), percentage of iMg from tMg, and percentage of iMg from cMg with contemplation of lifestyle factors. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. METHODS: The serum magnesium fractions were assessed in 176 male Pb-exposed workers in the year 2015 at Tamil nadu in India and 80 control subjects with no occupational exposure of Pb...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop a causal model of family well-being with health literacy (HL) as a mediator and to compare models between male and female spouses in urban and rural communities. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The samples included 2000 spouses at risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by stratified randomly sampled in 2018. Data were collected Likert questionnaires with reliability of 0.79-0.93, and analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multi-group structural equation modeling (MSEM)...

BACKGROUND: Risk taking behaviors have several negative consequences. This study aimed to identify the subgroups of students based on risk-taking behaviors and to assess the role of demographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, socioeconomic status (SES), physical inactivity and screen time on membership of specific subgroup. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: This nationwide survey was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14880 students, aged 6-18 yr, selected by multistage, cluster-sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran...

BACKGROUND: Determining the epidemic threshold parameter helps health providers calculate the coverage while guiding them in planning the process of vaccination strategy. Since the trend and mechanism of influenza is very similar in different countries, we planned a study with the mentioned goal by using data of US from 2017 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary study. METHODS: R0 and corresponding vaccination coverage are estimated using the national and state-level data of the US from the 40th in 2017 to the 5th week in 2018...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health problem because of its associated diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary macronutrients and adiposity in a cohort study, representative of the city of Mashhad in northeastern Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The population sample (9847) derived from Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorders (MASHAD: 2010-2020) and was obtained using a stratified-cluster method...

BACKGROUND: Suicide behaviors are complex and multifactorial problems that in the most of the societies are considered as the public health challenge. However, its underlying reasons and spatial pattern remain unclear in Hamadan Province, western Iran. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of existing data. METHODS: We assessed the spatial pattern pre-city regarding some influencing factors by scan-statistics and logistic regression to detect clusters areas and its comparison with other areas for the period of 2016-2017...

BACKGROUND: One of important goals of any health system is to reduce healthcare inequalities in its jurisdiction. We aimed to track economic inequality in outpatient health care utilization after the healthcare transformation plan in Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The data obtained from the Iranian healthcare utilization household survey conducted in 2015. The inequality in health care utilization was assessed through concentrating index, concentration curve, and odds ratio...

BACKGROUND: Adolescence obesity has now become an epidemic. In recent years, Internet addiction has been identified as a risk factor for obesity. We aimed to evaluate the role of some mediators such as sleep quality, physical activity and fast food consumption in the relation between internet addiction and Body Mass Index (BMI) among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Overall, 928 students, aged between 13 and 17 yr, were randomly selected in Behbahan, southwestern Iran from Oct 2017 to Dec 2017...

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in Iran. This study determined the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in apparently normal individuals in Hamadan, west of Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A sample of 106 apparently normal volunteers aged 18 yr and more were enrolled, and T2DM was diagnosed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels from 2015-2016. The nonparametric bootstrap method was used to eliminate the undesirable effect of small sample size on the estimation of standard error of multiple logistic regression coefficients and confidence interval for the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM...

BACKGROUND: Paddy fields in the Mae Sot, Tak Province of Thailand are polluted with unsafe levels of cadmium (Cd). Elderly populations have a high Cd body burden, putting them at elevated risk of renal dysfunction and bone fractures. We aimed to compare bone fracture risk between glomerular dysfunction, proximal tubular dysfunction, and calcium (Ca) handling abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Serum osteocalcin and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen were used to detect bone metabolism abnormalities, whereas glomerular filtration rate, serum cystatin C, urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and fractional excretion of calcium (FECa) were used to indicate renal dysfunction...

BACKGROUND: Adverse effects of Mobile Phone (MP) usage could lead to dependency problems, and medical students are not excluded from it. We aimed to determine the pattern of MP usage, and its relation to sleep quality and academic performance between medical students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A multistage stratified random sample was used for selection of 610 participants, during 2016-2017...

BACKGROUND: The elimination target for measles as an acute and contagious disease in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and Iran is planned by high-quality surveillance. We aimed to monitor the surveillance quality indicators of measles by in all districts of Iran during 2014-16. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Four quality surveillance indicators of measles including non measles discarded rate, percent of suspected cases with adequate investigation, percent of adequate blood specimen collection and percent with timely availability of laboratory results were assessed in Iran...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and young children remains a significant public health problem in most developing countries. IDA had short and long-term adverse impacts on infants' health and development. We aimed to assess the frequency of IDA and associated risk factors among infants aged between 9-12 months in rural areas of Nablus Governorate. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study was conducted between Jan and Mar 2015...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have recognized the importance of sexual and injection risk behaviors in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to examine effect of alcohol use on sexual and injection risky behavior using coarsened exact matching (CEM) approach among PWID in Tehran, Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was conducted from Mar to Aug 2016 in Tehran, Iran. PWID were recruited by a convenience and snowball sampling from five of Drop-in Centers (DICs) in Tehran...

BACKGROUND: Equity in healthcare utilization is a major health policy goal in all healthcare systems. This study aimed to examine socioeconomic inequalities in public healthcare utilization in Kermanshah City, western Iran. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Using convenience sampling method, 2040 adult aged 18-65 yr were enrolled from Kermanshah City in 2017. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, behavioral factors, and utilization of public healthcare services (inpatient and outpatient care) over the period between from May to Aug 2017...

BACKGROUND: Bullying is a serious public health concern remarkably common among youth. Involvement in bullying can lead to deleterious effect on the emotional well-being of pupils. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bullying, its psychosocial associated factors and the perceived involvement of parents, teachers, and classmates to counteract this behavior. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: We conducted this study in 2015 among a representative multistage sample of 1584 students enrolled in middle schools in the Region of Sousse using the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire...