journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38099210/unveiling-the-mechanisms-of-neuropathic-pain-suppression-perineural-resiniferatoxin-targets-trpv1-and-beyond
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Safa Shehab, Hayate Javed, Aishwarya Mary Johnson, Saeed Tariq, Challagandla Anil Kumar, Bright Starling Emerald
Neuropathic pain arises from damage or disorders affecting the somatosensory system. In rats, L5 nerve injury induces thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity/hyperalgesia. Recently, we demonstrated that applying resiniferatoxin (RTX) directly on uninjured L3 and L4 nerves alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity resulting from L5 nerve injury. Herein, using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR techniques, we reveal that perineural application of RTX (0.002%) on the L4 nerve substantially downregulated the expression of its receptor (Trpv1) and three different voltage-gated ion channels (Nav1...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38099209/structural-networking-of-the-developing-brain-from-maturation-to-neurosurgical-implications
#22
REVIEW
Alessandro De Benedictis, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Luca de Palma, Silvio Sarubbo, Carlo Efisio Marras
Modern neuroscience agrees that neurological processing emerges from the multimodal interaction among multiple cortical and subcortical neuronal hubs, connected at short and long distance by white matter, to form a largely integrated and dynamic network, called the brain "connectome." The final architecture of these circuits results from a complex, continuous, and highly protracted development process of several axonal pathways that constitute the anatomical substrate of neuronal interactions. Awareness of the network organization of the central nervous system is crucial not only to understand the basis of children's neurological development, but also it may be of special interest to improve the quality of neurosurgical treatments of many pediatric diseases...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090110/structural-connectivity-of-cytoarchitectonically-distinct-human-left-temporal-pole-subregions-a-diffusion-mri-tractography-study
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takeshi Sasaki, Nikos Makris, Martha E Shenton, Peter Savadjiev, Yogesh Rathi, Ryan Eckbo, Sylvain Bouix, Edward Yeterian, Bradford C Dickerson, Marek Kubicki
The temporal pole (TP) is considered one of the major paralimbic cortical regions, and is involved in a variety of functions such as sensory perception, emotion, semantic processing, and social cognition. Based on differences in cytoarchitecture, the TP can be further subdivided into smaller regions (dorsal, ventrolateral and ventromedial), each forming key nodes of distinct functional networks. However, the brain structural connectivity profile of TP subregions is not fully clarified. Using diffusion MRI data in a set of 31 healthy subjects, we aimed to elucidate the comprehensive structural connectivity of three cytoarchitectonically distinct TP subregions...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38074449/automated-pipeline-for-nerve-fiber-selection-and-g-ratio-calculation-in-optical-microscopy-exploring-staining-protocol-variations
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bart R Thomson, Louise Françoise Martin, Paul L Schmidle, Hannah Schlierbach, Anne Schänzer, Henning Richter
G-ratio is crucial for understanding the nervous system's health and function as it measures the relative myelin thickness around an axon. However, manual measurement is biased and variable, emphasizing the need for an automated and standardized technique. Although deep learning holds promise, current implementations lack clinical relevance and generalizability. This study aimed to develop an automated pipeline for selecting nerve fibers and calculating relevant g-ratio using quality parameters in optical microscopy...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38074448/corrigendum-cerebellar-and-basal-ganglia-inputs-define-three-main-nuclei-in-the-mouse-ventral-motor-thalamus
#25
Carmen Alonso-Martínez, Mario Rubio-Teves, Diana Casas-Torremocha, César Porrero, Francisco Clascá
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1242839.].
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020216/secretagogin-as-a-marker-to-distinguish-between-different-neuron-types-in-human-frontal-and-temporal-cortex
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Tapia-González, Javier DeFelipe
The principal aim of the present work was to chemically characterize the population of neurons labeled for the calcium binding protein secretagogin (SCGN) in the human frontal and temporal cortices (Brodmann's area 10 and 21, respectively). Both cortical regions are involved in many high cognitive functions that are especially well developed (or unique) in humans, but with different functional roles. The pattern of SCGN immunostaining was rather similar in BA10 and BA21, with all the labeled neurons displaying a non-pyramidal morphology (interneurons)...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020215/proportions-of-four-distinct-classes-of-sensory-neurons-are-retained-even-when-axon-regeneration-is-enhanced-following-peripheral-nerve-injury
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samia Khan, Dario I Carrasco, Robin Isaacson, Arthur W English
INTRODUCTION: Recovery from peripheral nerve injuries is poor because axon regeneration is slow and inefficient. Experimental therapies that increase signaling of neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through its TrkB receptor or through its downstream effectors enhance axon regeneration, increasing the number of motor and sensory neurons whose axons successfully regenerate and reinnervate muscle targets. The goal of this study was to compare the proportions of four different classes of sensory (dorsal root ganglion, DRG) neurons that successfully reinnervate two different muscle targets in control mice and mice treated pharmacologically to enhance axon regeneration...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020214/characterization-of-primary-visual-cortex-input-to-specific-cell-types-in-the-superior-colliculus
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuang Jiang, Suraj Honnuraiah, Greg J Stuart
The superior colliculus is a critical brain region involved in processing visual information. It receives visual input directly from the retina, as well as via a projection from primary visual cortex. Here we determine which cell types in the superficial superior colliculus receive visual input from primary visual cortex in mice. Neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus were classified into four groups - Wide-field, narrow-field, horizontal and stellate - based on their morphological and electrophysiological properties...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020213/brain-plasticity-following-corpus-callosum-agenesis-or-loss-a-review-of-the-probst-bundles
#29
REVIEW
Zorana Lynton, Rodrigo Suárez, Laura R Fenlon
The corpus callosum is the largest axonal tract in the human brain, connecting the left and right cortical hemipheres. This structure is affected in myriad human neurodevelopmental disorders, and can be entirely absent as a result of congenital or surgical causes. The age when callosal loss occurs, for example via surgical section in cases of refractory epilepsy, correlates with resulting brain morphology and neuropsychological outcomes, whereby an earlier loss generally produces relatively improved interhemispheric connectivity compared to a loss in adulthood (known as the "Sperry's paradox")...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020212/twelve-protections-evolved-for-the-brain-and-their-roles-in-extending-its-functional-life
#30
REVIEW
Jonathan Stone, John Mitrofanis, Daniel M Johnstone, Stephen R Robinson
As human longevity has increased, we have come to understand the ability of the brain to function into advanced age, but also its vulnerability with age, apparent in the age-related dementias. Against that background of success and vulnerability, this essay reviews how the brain is protected by (by our count) 12 mechanisms, including: the cranium, a bony helmet; the hydraulic support given by the cerebrospinal fluid; the strategically located carotid body and sinus, which provide input to reflexes that protect the brain from blood-gas imbalance and extremes of blood pressure; the blood brain barrier, an essential sealing of cerebral vessels; the secretion of molecules such as haemopexin and (we argue) the peptide Aβ to detoxify haemoglobin, at sites of a bleed; autoregulation of the capillary bed, which stabilises metabolites in extracellular fluid; fuel storage in the brain, as glycogen; oxygen storage, in the haemoprotein neuroglobin; the generation of new neurones, in the adult, to replace cells lost; acquired resilience, the stress-induced strengthening of cell membranes and energy production found in all body tissues; and cognitive reserve, the ability of the brain to maintain function despite damage...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020211/a-technology-platform-for-standardized-cryoprotection-and-freezing-of-large-volume-brain-tissues-for-high-resolution-histology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramdayalan Kumarasami, Richa Verma, Karthika Pandurangan, Jivitha Jyothi Ramesh, Sathish Pandidurai, Stephen Savoia, Jaikishan Jayakumar, Mihail Bota, Partha Mitra, Jayaraj Joseph, Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam
Understanding and mapping the human connectome is a long-standing endeavor of neuroscience, yet the significant challenges associated with the large size of the human brain during cryosectioning remain unsolved. While smaller brains, such as rodents and marmosets, have been the focus of previous connectomics projects, the processing of the larger human brain requires significant technological advancements. This study addresses the problem of freezing large brains in aligned neuroanatomical coordinates with minimal tissue damage, facilitating large-scale distortion-free cryosectioning...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020210/the-importance-of-pre-operative-neuroanatomical-study-in-the-surgical-treatment-of-trigeminal-neuralgia-associated-with-multiple-sclerosis
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Montano, Alessandro Rapisarda, Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris, Manuela D'Ercole, Alessandro Izzo
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37942215/the-anatomy-of-the-four-streams-of-the-prefrontal-cortex-preliminary-evidence-from-a-population-based-high-definition-tractography-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georgios P Skandalakis, Jessica Barrios-Martinez, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kavelin Rumalla, Evan N Courville, Neil Mahto, Aristotelis Kalyvas, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Constantinos G Hadjipanayis, Meic H Schmidt, Michael Kogan
The model of the four streams of the prefrontal cortex proposes 4 streams of information: motor through Brodmann area (BA) 8, emotion through BA 9, memory through BA 10, and emotional-related sensory through BA 11. Although there is a surge of functional data supporting these 4 streams within the PFC, the structural connectivity underlying these neural networks has not been fully clarified. Here we perform population-based high-definition tractography using an averaged template generated from data of 1,065 human healthy subjects acquired from the Human Connectome Project to further elucidate the structural organization of these regions...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37908970/behavioral-evidence-of-the-functional-interaction-between-the-main-and-accessory-olfactory-system-suggests-a-large-olfactory-system-with-a-high-plastic-capability
#34
REVIEW
Zacnite Mier Quesada, Wendy Portillo, Raúl G Paredes
Olfaction is fundamental in many species of mammals. In rodents, the integrity of this system is required for the expression of parental and sexual behavior, mate recognition, identification of predators, and finding food. Different anatomical and physiological evidence initially indicated the existence of two anatomically distinct chemosensory systems: The main olfactory system (MOS) and the accessory olfactory system (AOS). It was originally conceived that the MOS detected volatile odorants related to food, giving the animal information about the environment...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37818154/endoscopic-transorbital-resection-of-the-temporal-lobe-anatomic-qualitative-and-quantitative-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea De Rosa, Alejandra Mosteiro, Giulia Guizzardi, Pedro Roldán, Jorge Torales, Jessica Matas Fassi, Luigi Maria Cavallo, Domenico Solari, Alberto Prats-Galino, Alberto Di Somma, Joaquim Enseñat
OBJECTIVE: Starting from an anatomic study describing the possibility of reaching the temporal region through an endoscopic transorbital approach, many clinical reports have now demonstrated the applicability of this strategy when dealing with intra-axial lesions. The study aimed to provide both a qualitative anatomic description of the temporal region, as seen through a transorbital perspective, and a quantitative analysis of the amount of temporal lobe resection achievable via this route...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37711587/immunohistochemical-distribution-of-secretagogin-in-the-mouse-brain
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo G Téllez de Meneses, Laura Pérez-Revuelta, Ángel Canal-Alonso, Carlos Hernández-Pérez, Teresa Cocho, Jorge Valero, Eduardo Weruaga, David Díaz, José R Alonso
INTRODUCTION: Calcium is essential for the correct functioning of the central nervous system, and calcium-binding proteins help to finely regulate its concentration. Whereas some calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin are ubiquitous and are present in many cell types, others such as calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin are expressed in specific neuronal populations. Secretagogin belongs to this latter group and its distribution throughout the brain is only partially known. In the present work, the distribution of secretagogin-immunopositive cells was studied in the entire brain of healthy adult mice...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37711586/editorial-methods-and-applications-in-frontiers-in-neuroanatomy
#37
EDITORIAL
Clément Ricard, Lidia Alonso-Nanclares, Basilis Zikopoulos, Martin Oheim
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37662477/macroscopic-brain-gray-matter-staining-historical-protocol-overview-and-neuroanatomy-learning-applications-in-second-year-medical-students
#38
REVIEW
Gustavo Adolfo Villegas-Gomez, Luisa F Figueredo, A D Ramirez, Pedro Jose Quiroga-Padilla, Roberto Rueda-Esteban
Macroscopic staining in anatomical samples of the central nervous system is a technique that has been used for decades to achieve better differentiation of multiple gray matter structures, such as the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellar nuclei. Staining methods are based on using the different components of the brain, mainly the lipids present in the white matter. These techniques have been progressively forgotten while computer renderings are increasing; however, as a primary exposure to surgical anatomy, stained brain specimens are considered a helpful tool...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37662476/neuroanatomical-and-neurochemical-effects-of-prolonged-social-isolation-in-adult-mice
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vibol Heng, Michael Zigmond, Richard Jay Smeyne
INTRODUCTION: As social animals, our health depends in part on interactions with other human beings. Yet millions suffer from chronic social isolation, including those in nursing/assisted living facilities, people experiencing chronic loneliness as well as those in enforced isolation within our criminal justice system. While many historical studies have examined the effects of early isolation on the brain, few have examined its effects when this condition begins in adulthood. Here, we developed a model of adult isolation using mice (C57BL/6J) born and raised in an enriched environment...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37645018/cerebellar-and-basal-ganglia-inputs-define-three-main-nuclei-in-the-mouse-ventral-motor-thalamus
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen Alonso-Martínez, Mario Rubio-Teves, César Porrero, Francisco Clascá, Diana Casas-Torremocha
The thalamus is a central link between cortical and subcortical brain motor systems. Axons from the deep nuclei of the cerebellum (DCN), or the output nuclei of the basal ganglia system (substantia nigra reticulata, SNr; and internal pallidum GPi/ENT) monosynaptically innervate the thalamus, prominently some nuclei of the ventral nuclear group. In turn, axons from these ventral nuclei innervate the motor and premotor areas of the cortex, where their input is critical for planning, execution and learning of rapid and precise movements...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
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