Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research

BACKGROUND: Endocrine therapy (ET) adherence leads to increased survival in breast cancer (BC). How follow-up should be done to maximize adherence is not known. OBJECTIVES: To assess adherence to ET, factors favouring adherence to ET and effects on survival in a population-based cohort of BC patients in western Sweden. DESIGN: This is a retrospective study. METHODS: We included 358 patients operated for oestrogen receptor-positive BC and recommended 5 years of ET, in Region Halland, Sweden, year 2015 to 2016...

BACKGROUND: In the year 2020, breast cancer was the most common form of cancer worldwide. Roughly 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+). MicroRNA-190b (miR-190b) has previously been reported to be upregulated in ER+ breast cancers. Previously, we have demonstrated that miR-190b is hypomethylated in ER+ breast cancers, potentially leading to its upregulation. OBJECTIVES: To further study the role of miR-190b in ER+ breast cancer and to identify its clinically relevant targets in breast cancer...

Despite recent improvements in detecting and managing breast cancer (BC), it continues to be a major worldwide health concern that annually affects millions of people. Exploring the anti-BC potentials of natural compounds has received a lot of scientific attention due to their multi-target mode of action and good safety profiles because of these unmet needs. Drugs made from herbs are secure and have a lot fewer negative effects than those made from synthetic materials. Early stage patients benefit from breast-conserving surgery, but the risk of local recurrence remains, necessitating implanted scaffolds...

Prior to the advent of the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, HER2+ breast cancer (BC) was considered an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Over the past 25 years, innovations in molecular biology, pathology, and early therapeutics have transformed the treatment landscape. With the advent of multiple HER2-directed therapies, there have been immense improvements in oncological outcomes in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. Currently, 8 HER2-targeted therapies are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of early-stage and/or advanced/metastatic disease...

BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for 1% of global breast cancer cases. On account of its rarity, very few prospective clinical trials have been carried out on MBC. Pakistan has the highest incidence of breast cancer in Asia, but very limited data are available on MBC. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to determine the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment patterns of MBC in Pakistani population. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND: The scaffolding protein, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), participates in multiple cellular functions including promotion of sodium excretion from the kidney. Loss of expression of Cav-1 is associated with tumorigenesis of various types of cancer. We have shown the potential link between hypertension and breast cancer via abnormal function of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4). OBJECTIVE: The current studies tested the hypothesis that Cav-1 acts as a tumor-suppressive factor in breast cancer cells and enhances the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the type 1 dopaminergic receptor (D1 R)...

BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery with synchronous 50-kV X-ray intraoperative radiation therapy (TARGIT-IORT) is a convenient form of partial breast irradiation; however, the existing literature supports a wide range of local control rates. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the treatment effectiveness and toxic effects of TARGIT-IORT in a patient cohort aged 64 years or older with low-risk breast cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis...

BACKGROUND: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging tool for the management of breast cancer patients and for screening women at high risk for breast cancer. OBJECTIVES: To examine long-term trends in the distribution of histologic diagnoses obtained from MRI-guided breast biopsies. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the distribution of histologic diagnoses of MRI-guided breast biopsies from 2004 to 2019...

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BACKGROUND: Any treatment protocol that leads to complete elimination of surgery may lead to a better patient acceptance of breast cancer treatments. OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to assess the feasibility of preoperative vacuum-assisted biopsies in identifying pathological complete response (pCR) and its accuracy in correlation to final histopathology report (HPR), in an Indian setting. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted between October 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021...

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an invasive carcinoma with a high differentiation rate of the neoplastic epithelium toward mesenchymal-like epithelium. It comprises of only less than 1% of all breast cancers. Although 80% to 90% of metaplastic breast carcinomas are triple-negative cancers, they usually have worse outcomes than other triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Metaplastic carcinoma is also often refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we reported a case of a 61-year-old female patient, presenting with a solitary and pedunculated mass in the right axillary tail breast tissue, whose biopsy revealed metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondroid differentiation...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prominent cancer type to affect women. Surgical treatment of invasive breast cancers involves mastectomy. Due to mastectomy, women are subjected to social, emotional, and cultural problems which need to be addressed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to understand how women cope with body image-related issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression post-mastectomy. DESIGN: A systematic literature review was conducted for understanding the coping in post-mastectomy patients...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) screening with mammography reduces mortality but considers currently only age as a risk factor. Personalized risk-based screening has been proposed as a more efficient alternative. For that, risk prediction tools are necessary. Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) associated with BC. The effects of SNPs are combined into a polygenic risk score (PRS) as a risk prediction tool. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a clinical-grade PRS test suitable for BC risk-stratified screening with clinical recommendations and implementation in clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival. Currently, the literature lacks comprehensive real-world evidence on locally recurrent and mTNBC patients. To validate the optimal treatment for patients with mTNBC, real-world evidence in combination with data from clinical trials must be evaluated as complementary. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to examine outcomes and treatment patterns of patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) utilizing real-world data of patients from all oncology sites across Denmark...

BACKGROUND: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is the hallmark of breast cancer gene 1/2 ( BRCA1/2 )-mutated tumors and the unique biomarker for predicting response to double-strand break (DSB)-inducing drugs. The demonstration of HRD in tumors with mutations in genes other than BRCA1/2 is considered the best biomarker of potential response to these DSB-inducer drugs. OBJECTIVES: We explored the potential of developing a practical approach to predict in any tumor the presence of HRD that is similar to that seen in tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS) along with machine learning (ML)...

Prognostic and predictive factors for early and late distant distance recurrence risk in estrogen-receptor positive and HER2-receptor negative early breast cancer are well known, but not all these variables work equally for the prediction. The following are the most widely accepted variables for categorizing risk levels: clinic-pathologic features (tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological grade, age, menopausal status, Ki-67 expression, estrogen, and progesterone expression), primary systemic treatment response (pathologic response and/or Ki-67 downstaging), and gene expression signatures stratification...

BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an emerging breast imaging modality. Clinical data is scarce. OBJECTIVES: To summarize clinical evidence on the use of iopromide in CEM for the detection or by systematically analyzing the available literature on efficacy and safety. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: Iopromide-specific publications reporting its use in CEM were identified by a systematic search within Bayer's Product Literature Information (PLI) database and by levering a recent review publication...

BACKGROUND: The risk of late distant recurrence (LDR) of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer continues even after 5 years of endocrine treatment. Clinical Treatment Score after 5 years (CTS5) was developed and validated as a tool to assess the risk of LDR using data from Tamoxifen, Arimidex Alone or in Combinations (ATAC) and Breast International Group 1-98 (BIG1-98) trials. This study aimed to externally validate CTS5 in a real-world cohort of patients treated at an academic center in Thailand...

BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been achieved in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory, and the underlying processes of carcinogenesis are still unclear. The purpose of this research was to find out the relationship between myocardial infarction-associated transcript ( MIAT ), FOXO3a , and miRNA29a-3p and evaluated the expression levels in patients compare with control and their potential as a noninvasive bioindicator in whole blood in BC...

Invasive breast cancer with axillary lymph node (LN) invasion is a continuing problem worldwide. The morbidity associated with axillary LN dissection along with the high rate of nodal downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) made the standard treatment shift towards less invasive surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NACT is associated with high false-negative rates (13%-14%). To overcome this problem, it was concluded that the positive nodes should first be indicated with image-detectable markers and then removed together with SLNB: targeted axillary dissection (TAD)...