Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery

BACKGROUND: Antifungal azoles are the first-line agents used to treat topical and, above all, systemic mycosis. The latter could be life-threating infections in immunocompromised patients. Chemotherapeutic antibiotics, including antifungal azoles, may induce hypersensitivity reactions; however, such immunologic adverse reactions have not been defined and carefully investigated. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to provide an update on the evaluation and diagnosis of skin allergy to azole antifungal agents...

BACKGROUND: Endothelial injury occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass is a major contributing factor in the development of organ dysfunction, which leads to many of the postoperative complications occurring during cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to summarize the main mechanisms of cardiopulmonary bypass - related disease, evaluating the unfavorable events leading to tissue injury, with a description of current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic mechanisms to reduce CPB-related injury...

BACKGROUND: Fentanyl is primarily an opioid agonist. It is frequently used in general anesthesia as a potent analgesic. It can be administered either orally, transdermally or systemically. Adverse effects due to opium alkaloids are usually because of a non-specific histamine release. Only in a few cases, a true allergy mechanism could be involved. Immediate reactions to opioids are most frequent than delayed reactions. In the past years, delayed reactions have increased in frequency because of the wide use of Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS) with several opioids for its potent analgesic properties...

BACKGROUND: Travelers' diarrhea is the most common travel-related malady. It affects millions of international travelers to developing countries annually and can significantly disrupt travel plans. OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of traveler's diarrhea. METHODS: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "traveler's diarrhea". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews...

BACKGROUND: Up to 1% of the general population in the USA and Europe suffer from chronic urticaria (CU) at some point in their lifetime. CU has an adverse effect on the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide an update on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, aggravating factors, complications, treatment and prognosis of CU. METHODS: The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, reviews and pertinent references...

BACKGROUND: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. METHODS: A PubMed search was completed in clinical queries using the key terms "urinary tract infection", "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis"...

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that can produce hypersensitive reactions mediated by specific immunological mechanisms (IgE or T celldependent) or by a non-immunological mechanism (inhibition of cyclooxygenase COX-1). OBJECTIVE: An 80-year-old man with a history of allergy to pyrazolones, with good tolerance to other NSAIDs was referred to our allergy department because he presented a generalized urticaria after the administration of Intravenous (IV) paracetamol...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Anti-inflammatory agents play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but their use is restricted due to their vast side effects. M2000 (β-D-mannuronic Acid) is a new immunomodulatory drug. According to the capacity of M2000 in suppressing some molecules involved in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling and reducing oxidative stress we hypothesize that, this molecule may have a potential role in decreasing inflammatory responses in IBD...

BACKGROUND: Garcinia indica also known as kokum is used in traditional system of medicine for relieving inflammation and rheumatic pain. Garcinol, a benzophenone obtained from its fruit rind is reported to have anti-inflammatory effect via modulating arachidonic acid metabolism, suppressing iNOS expression, NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression. It has also been studied for antioxidant and anticancer activity. Apart from these, few patents claim that Garcinol also has anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effect and has a potential to be used for treatment of renal disorders, endometriosis and cardiac dysfunction...

BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis, one of the most frequent genetic diseases, is characterized by the production of viscous mucus in several organs. In the lungs, mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria, leading to recurrent/resistant infections and lung damage. For Cystic Fibrosis patients, respiratory failure is still lethal in early adulthood since available treatments display incomplete efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to extend the current knowledge in the field of available treatments for Cystic Fibrosis...

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic asthma is driven by Th2 immune response and is usually characterized by the increase of total serum IgE levels and/or specific IgE that express single or multiple allergen sensitization. In such an immune- pathological background, the anti-IgE therapy, namely omalizumab, found its main clinical utility and recommendation to treat severe asthma. OBJECTIVE: in this mini-review, we summarized the most relevant immuno-pathological and clinical evidences supporting the use of omalizumab in the therapy of pediatric asthma, Furthermore, we provided the main practical points for such a therapeutic management...

Background Chemically modified allergen extracts, known as allergoids, are commonly used for treating allergic patients. In general terms, the concept of allergoids implies allergen extracts with a reduction of their allergenicity maintaining their immunogenicity. Different methods to obtain allergoids have been developed in the past years, opening attractive lines of research. Objective To review the different approaches to allergoid development as well as their characterization, mechanism of action and efficacy and safety issues...

Recently, methods for mimicking endogenous cortisol rhythms hereby potentially reducing the risk of systemic adverse effects of exogenous corticosteroids have been patented. Methods for sensitive detection of adverse effects on bone turnover of various doses, administration routes and regimens of exogenous corticosteroids have been patented. Urine cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (Ntx) have been established as a sensitive bone resorption marker and urine levels of Ntx have been found to exhibit a distinct diurnal rhythm...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation-induced endothelial abnormalities, dietary habits, and tobacco smoking are considered to be the primary risk factors for causing atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), including Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disorders, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Prevention of CVDs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents has been a challenging task for decades...

BACKGROUND: Brimonidine Tartrate (BRT) is used in the treatment of glaucoma. Brimonidine tartrate nanoemulsion was fabricated in this research work to enhance the permeability through barriers and faster onset of action and therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate an ocular compatible nanoemulsion of brimonidine tartrate by using surfactant and co-surfactants. METHODS: The experimental work involved compatibility studies by using FTIR, DSC and crystallinity study by XRD...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an advanced and chronic endocrine disorder characterized by an insufficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and liver, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to understand the mechanism and genes which are responsible for the prevalence of diabetes. The study also covers various types of diabetic complications with special reference to insulin role and defects. METHODS: The scientific literature and patents were reviewed and analyzed based on their suitability and relevance to the theme of the study...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a protective response of the body system that protects the body from the various kinds of external and internal insults; however, it has been found that most chronic illnesses are caused by dysregulated and excessive inflammation. Inflammation plays a major role in developing neurological diseases. In the brain cytokines, TNF-α and TNF-β are known to mediate inflammation in many diseases. Functions of these cytokines are regulated by the activation of transcription factor NF-κb...

BACKGROUND: The Cellular immunity plays an important role in amoebic infections, whereas humoral immune responses have little influence on the outcome of the disease. Chronic infestation with Entameoba histolytica, a common protozoan parasite, has been associated with autoimmune phenomena, including the appearance of antibodies to colonic epithelial cells. The mechanism whereby the protozoan parasite E. histolytica causes suppression of the immune response to allow it to survive in humans is unclear...

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in developed countries and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. METHODS: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "communityacquired pneumonia"...