Dose-response : a Publication of International Hormesis Society

The incidence of emergence delirium (ED) is higher in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for the inhibition of ED in preschool children by using probit regression analysis. A total of 140 anesthesia records were retrieved and divided into seven groups based on the infusion rate of DEX: .2, .25, .3, .35, .4, .45, and .5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 . The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAEDS) was used to assess ED in preschool children, and ED was defined as a PAEDS score ≥ 10...

Isoproterenol (ISO), a chemically synthesized catecholamine, belongs to β-adrenoceptor agonist used to treat bradycardia. The β-adrenergic agonist is an essential regulator of myocardial metabolism and contractility; however, excessive exposure to ISO can initiate oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ISO-induced cardiac remodeling, the protective efficacy of resveratrol (RSVR), and its liposomal formulation (L-RSVR) against such cardiac change...

BACKGROUND: Caffeine citrate (CC)-induced excessive energy expenditure, diuresis, natriuresis, and other CC-associated potential side effects (CC-APSEs) result in lower daily weight gain (WG) in premature neonates. This study aimed to assess higher CC-doses' effect on the mean daily-WG (MD-WG) and CC-APSE development, considering 5 mg/kg/day as the standard regimen. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study included neonates of ≤36 weeks gestational age and received CC-therapy...

Radiation therapy has been a critical and effective treatment for cancer. However, not all cells are destroyed by radiation due to the presence of tumor cell radioresistance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of low-dose radiation (LDR) on the tumor suppressive effect of high-dose radiation (HDR) and its mechanism from the perspective of tumor cell death mode and DNA damage repair, aiming to provide a foundation for improving the efficacy of clinical tumor radiotherapy. We found that LDR pre-irradiation strengthened the HDR-inhibited A549 cell proliferation, HDR-induced apoptosis, and G2 phase cell cycle arrest under co-culture conditions...

In this work, we study the effect of 6 MeV electron beam irradiation on the physicochemical properties of lyophilized Human Haemoglobin A (HbA). Electron beams generated from Race Track Microtron accelerator with energy 6 MeV were used to irradiate HbA at fluences of 5 × 1014 e- /cm2 and 10 × 1014 e- /cm2 . Pristine and electron beam irradiated HbA were characterized using UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The interfacial tension of the aqueous solutions of HbA are also analysed by pendant drop method...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The increase in the therapeutic use of tramadol in the management of moderate to severe pains in some disease conditions and its unregulated access has led to its associated toxicity and there is little or no information on the protection against its associated toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY: Considering the medicinal value of pumpkin seed oil, its availability, and neglected use, it becomes necessary to evaluate the possible potential of the seed oil in tramadol-induced oxidative stress in Wister Albino rats...

The present study aims to evaluate the protective effect of Crataegus azarolus berries decoction extract (CAB-DE) against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis as well as the mechanisms implicated in such protection. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups: Control (H2 O), acetic acid (AA), AA + various doses of CAB-DE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o. ), and AA + sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o. ) or gallic acid (50 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o. ) during 10 days. All rats were kept fasting overnight and ulcerative colitis was induced by rectal infusion of AA (300 mg kg-1 , b...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of charcoal grilling in the generation of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tissues of 5 different organs (leg, chest, wings, liver, and heart) of falcated ducks ( Mareca falcata ) before and after pasting them with different condiment recipes (R1, R2, R3, and R4). All condiment-pasted and control samples before/after charcoal grilling were pursued in RP-HPLC for quantification of unknown PAHs. Tissues from grilled raw leg meat of the control sample showed significantly higher ( P ≤ ...

Radiotherapy is a very important tool in the treatment of cancer; nevertheless, its side effects are a hindrance to its use. The present study is designed to evaluate glucosamine effects against radiation-induced brain oxidative stress and depression-like effect in rats. Four groups of female Wister rats were used as control, irradiated (4 × 2 Gy), glucosamine (1 g/kg P.O), and glucosamine + irradiated group. The behavioral responses are estimated. The brain hippocampi of the rats are separated to evaluate oxidative stress biochemical parameters and glycogen synthase kinase pathway in addition to the biogenic amines...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Corymbia citriodora , Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), Mentha × piperita (Lamiaceae), and Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) essential oils as an alternative to manage Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. METHODS: Acute contact toxicity, acute toxicity on treated maize grain, fumigation toxicity, repellency bioassays, and GC-MS analysis of the essential oils were carried out...

The synthesis of new water-soluble N-alkylated derivatives of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane is presented. Ru(PPh3 )2 Cl2 has been used to react with 1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-3,5-triaza-1-azonia-7-phosphaadamantane bromide (PTAR). By using elemental analysis, NMR, and IR spectroscopy, the obtained compounds were identified. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopy has been used to monitor the complexation of various transition metal cations. Studies on conductivity have been utilized to validate the complexes' stoichiometries...

Nanoparticles are widely used in the pharmaceutical, agriculture, and food processing industries. In this study, we have synthesized green lead nanoparticles (gPbNPs) by using an extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves and determined their cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. gPbNPs were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The toxicity of gPbNPs was determined on the MDA-MB-231 cell line using MTT and NRU assays and as a result cell viability was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner...

Air pollution is associated with around 6.5 million premature deaths annually, which are directly related to cardiovascular diseases, and the most dangerous atmospheric pollutants to health are as follows: NO2 , SO2 , CO, and PM. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects have not yet been clearly defined. This work aims to conduct a narrative review of experimental studies to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of how the effect of atmospheric pollutants on cardiac activity can result in the development of cardiac diseases...

Background: Gastric cancer stands as a primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, making the discovery of new therapeutic agents essential for enhancing treatment outcomes. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound found in turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), has demonstrated potential in multiple cancer types due to its anti-cancer characteristics. This research aimed to examine the impact of curcumin on gastric cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, as well as its influence on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade...

The aerobic organisms not only need oxygen for survival, but oxygen is also fundamentally malignant to the aerobic organism on the grounds of free radical generation and their affiliation with free oxidative stress. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant and protective properties of P kurroa , S aromaticum , L inermis , R emodi , and C longa against lipid peroxidation induced by different pro-oxidants. The aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants (10 mM FeSO4 and 5 mM sodium nitroprusside) in the brain and liver of mice...

PURPOSE: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) delivers high-dose external radiation to a small intracranial lesion. However, scattering and leaked radiation can deposit a portion of the dose outside the radiation field, which may pose a risk to radiation-sensitive patients, such as pregnant women. Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is treated with one of the highest GKRS doses (80-90 Gy). This study aimed to estimate the risk of secondary cancer induction in the uterus, ovaries, thyroid gland, and eyes of TN patients undergoing GKRS...

The wound dressings fabricated by polymers and oregano essential oil (OEO) can be very effective as a hydrogel. The current study has been focused on fabricating the hydrogel membranes of oregano oil encapsulated as an antibacterial agent into sodium alginate (SA) solution by solvent casting method and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical performance of SA/OEO-based polymeric membranes. The polymeric interactions, surface morphology, water absorption capability, thermal stability, and encapsulation efficiency were investigated by FT-IR, SEM, swelling ratio, DSC, and encapsulation efficiency...

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is widely used as an antibiotic in the clinical application with side effects of hypoglycemia. This is because SMX contains the sulfonamide structure, which closes ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP ) channels and induces insulin secretion. However, there are no detail reports that measure the effective dose that can close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion. In this study, whole-cell patch clamp recording was utilized to measure the effect of SMX on KATP channel activity on pancreatic β cells...