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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nazish Badar, Aamer Ikram, Muhammad Salman, Sidra Saeed, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Massab Umair, Umer Farooq
INTRODUCTION: Influenza A viruses cause global health concerns due to their high amino acid substitution rates. They are linked to yearly seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. This study focused on sequencing influenza A virus strains in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Pakistan from January 2020 to January 2023. Whole genome sequences from influenza A (n = 126) virus isolates were amplified and sequenced by the Oxford Nanopore (MinION) platform...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura A Pulscher, Richard J Webby, Gregory C Gray
Due to the extensive host range of influenza A viruses, it is difficult to determine the best diagnostic algorithm to efficiently screen samples from a variety of host species for influenza A viruses. While there are some influenza diagnostic algorithms that are specific to host species, to our knowledge, no single algorithm exists for the characterization of influenza A viruses across multiple host species. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can serve as a guide for screening human, animal, and environmental samples for influenza A viruses of high human and animal health importance...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Q Sue Huang, Nikki Turner, Tim Wood, Andrew Anglemyer, Peter McIntyre, Nayyereh Aminisani, Tony Dowell, Adrian Trenholme, Cass Byrnes, Michelle Balm, Christine McIntosh, Sarah Jefferies, Cameron C Grant, Annette Nesdale, Hazel C Dobinson, Priscilla Campbell-Stokes, Karen Daniells, Jemma Geoghegan, Joep de Ligt, Lauren Jelley, Ruth Seeds, Tineke Jennings, Megan Rensburg, Jort Cueto, Ernest Caballero, Joshma John, Emmanuel Penghulan, Chor Ee Tan, Xiaoyun Ren, Klarysse Berquist, Meaghan O'Neill, Maritza Marull, Chang Yu, Andrea McNeill, Tomasz Kiedrzynski, Sally Roberts, Colin McArthur, Alicia Stanley, Susan Taylor, Conroy Wong, Shirley Lawrence, Michael G Baker, Amanda Kvalsvig, Koen Van Der Werff, Gary McAuliffe, Hanna Antoszewska, Meik Dilcher, Jennifer Fahey, Anja Werno, Juliet Elvy, Jenny Grant, Michael Addidle, Nicolas Zacchi, Chris Mansell, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Paul G Thomas, Richard J Webby
BACKGROUND: New Zealand's (NZ) complete absence of community transmission of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) after May 2020, likely due to COVID-19 elimination measures, provided a rare opportunity to assess the impact of border restrictions on common respiratory viral infections over the ensuing 2 years. METHODS: We collected the data from multiple surveillance systems, including hospital-based severe acute respiratory infection surveillance, SHIVERS-II, -III and -IV community cohorts for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance, HealthStat sentinel general practice (GP) based influenza-like illness surveillance and SHIVERS-V sentinel GP-based ARI surveillance, SHIVERS-V traveller ARI surveillance and laboratory-based surveillance...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabel Bergeri, Nicki L Boddington, Hannah C Lewis, Lorenzo Subissi, Sophie von Dobschuetz, Angel Rodriguez, Jorge Jara, Hala Abou El Naja, Amal Barakat, Arash Rashidian, Eman Abdelkreem Aly, Lubna Al Ariqi, Pushpa Wijesinghe, Francis Inbanathan, Phuong Nam Nguyen, Manilay Phengxay, Linh-Vi Le, Temuulen Enebish, Joseph Okeibunor, Belinda Herring, Elise Farley, Pernille Jorgensen, Aisling Marie Vaughan, Joshua Mott, Wenqing Zhang, Richard Pebody, Maria D Van Kerkhove
The World Health Organization's Unity Studies global initiative provides a generic preparedness and readiness framework for conducting detailed investigations and epidemiological studies critical for the early and ongoing assessment of emerging respiratory pathogens of pandemic potential. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the initiative produced standardized investigation protocols and supported Member States to generate robust and comparable data to inform public health decision making. The subsequent iteration of the initiative is being implemented to develop revised and new investigation protocols, implementation toolkits and work to build a sustainable global network of sites, enabling the global community to be better prepared for the next emerging respiratory pathogen with epidemic or pandemic potential...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mona Mahmoud, Rebecca Badra, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Jad Abdallah, Mohamed A Ali, Ghazi Kayali
We share the experience of research laboratories in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) that contributed to preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Research groups in the region were pivotal in identifying, characterizing the pathogens and describing their evolution, distribution, transmission routes, and the immunological profile of exposed populations. They demonstrated the capacity to develop and test antivirals and potential vaccines...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem, Hermine Abessolo Abessolo, Joseph Mendimi Nkodo, Mireille Ouethy, Georges Bouting Mayaka, Yannick Touha, Ulrich Armel Dikoume, Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Diane Choualeu Noumbissi, William Tsobeng Ndjeukam, Hervé Odilon Otabela Mbarga, Paul Alain Tagnouokam Ngoupo, Charlotte Moussi, Bonaventure Hollong Garoua, Richard Njouom, Vincent Richard
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HWs) are at a high risk of exposure to emerging health threats. Following the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Cameroon, we explored the presence and persistence of naturally acquired antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the factors associated with seropositivity in HWs. METHODS: Staff at two referral hospitals in Yaoundé or two Health District Hospitals in Obala and Mbalmayo were included in a 6-month prospective cohort analysis or cross-sectional survey, respectively...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naoyuki Miyashita, Yasushi Nakamori, Makoto Ogata, Naoki Fukuda, Akihisa Yamura, Tomoki Ito
In the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron period, the pattern of pneumonia changed from primarily viral pneumonia to pneumonia mixed with bacteria in the elderly. We investigated functional outcomes at 1 year after hospital discharge in patients with primary Omicron pneumonia and pneumonia mixed with bacteria, mainly aspiration pneumonia. Functional decline rates calculated using the Barthel Index at 1 year after hospital discharge were significantly higher in the pneumonia mixed with bacteria group than the primary viral pneumonia group (42...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luke W Meredith, Mustafa Aboualy, Rachel Ochola, Mehmet Ozel, Abdinasir Abubakar, Amal Barakat
The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) faces ongoing challenges in its public health system due to limited resources, logistical issues, and political disruptions. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for stronger laboratory capacities to handle the increased demand for testing. In a phased response, EMR countries utilized the National Influenza Centers to rapidly establish and scale molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. The expansion of capacity included strong collaborations between public health bodies and private and academic sectors to decentralize and expand testing to the subnational level...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin G Nicholson, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Leila C Sahni, Laura Ferlic-Stark, Lauren Maurer, Julie A Boom, Pedro A Piedra
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections are common in febrile infants ≤90 days. However, the detection of viruses other than enterovirus in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young infants is not well defined. We sought to quantify the occurrence of respiratory viruses in the blood and CSF of febrile infants ≤90 days. METHODS: We conducted a nested cohort study examining plasma and CSF samples from febrile infants 15-90 days via rtPCR...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kayode Olawuyi, Olukayode Orole, Clement Meseko, Isabella Monne, Ismaila Shittu, Zecchin Bianca, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Ruth Akintola, Josiah Ibrahim, Maryam Muhammad
BACKGROUND: The introduction of multiple avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes into Nigeria has resulted in several poultry outbreaks purportedly linked to trade and wild birds. The role of wild birds in perpetuating AIV in Nigeria was, therefore, elucidated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among wild aquatic bird species at the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands in Northeastern Nigeria between March and April 2022. A total of 452 swabs (226 cloacae and 226 oropharyngeal) were collected using a mist net to capture the birds...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Desmond Curran, Sean Matthews, Eliazar Sabater Cabrera, Silvia Narejos Pérez, Lina Pérez Breva, Mika Rämet, Laura Helman, Dae Won Park, Tino F Schwarz, Isabel Maria Galan Melendez, Axel Schaefer, Nathalie Roy, Brigitte Stephan, Daniel Molnar, Lusine Kostanyan, John H Powers, Veronica Hulstrøm
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious pathogen causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Symptoms range from mild upper respiratory tract infections to potentially life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). In adults ≥60 years old, vaccine efficacy of a candidate vaccine for older adults (RSVPreF3 OA) was 71.7% against RSV-ARI and 82.6% against RSV-LRTD (AReSVi-006/NCT04886596). We present the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the same trial at the end of the first RSV season in the northern hemisphere (April 2022)...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Olivier Peyrony, Mariana Chumbita, Patricia Monzó, Carlos Lopera, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Laura Magnano, Francesc Fernández-Avilés, Genoveva Cuesta, Montse Tuset, Josep Mensa, Jordi Esteve, Maria Angeles Marcos, Alex Soriano, Carolina Garcia-Vidal
BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe a cohort of hematologic patients with COVID-19 treated with antivirals early. METHODS: Non-interventional chart review study. Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes in high-risk hematologic patients treated with remdesivir between December 2021 and April 2022 versus those treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir between May and August 2022. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were analyzed. Forty-two received remdesivir, and 41 nirmatrelvir/ritonavir...
2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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LETTER
Tony Walls, Emily Bowen, Ava Elsmore, Nathanael Lucas
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinye Wang, Ki Wook Kim, Gregory Walker, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, Matthew Scotch, William D Rawlinson
BACKGROUND: During the 2019 severe influenza season, New South Wales (NSW) experienced the highest number of cases in Australia. This study retrospectively investigated the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in NSW in 2019 and identified genetic markers related to antiviral resistance and potential virulence. METHODS: The complete genomes of influenza A and B viruses were amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq platform...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lili Tao, Allison Chan, Alex Maris, Jonathan E Schmitz
INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated that, in targeted circumstances, viral quantification within respiratory specimens can valuably inform patient management, as well as research. Nevertheless, the pandemic has illustrated concomitant challenges for obtaining high-quality (and broadly comparable) respiratory viral loads. This includes a critical need for standardization and calibration, even though the necessary resources may not always be available for emergent pathogens and non-bloodstream specimens...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Corrado Bernasconi, Laurie Katugampola, Steffen Wildum
Different specimen types are used for influenza diagnosis but comparative data for viral loads from different swab types are limited. We compared influenza viral loads (determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) in 93 paired midturbinate and nasopharyngeal swab aliquots from influenza infected patients enrolled in a phase 3 randomized-controlled study with the objective of maximizing the number of swabs available for sequence analysis. Midturbinate swabs yielded a 53% lower viral load versus nasopharyngeal swabs, and this difference was similar for influenza A and B...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanneke Boon, Arend-Jan Meinders, Erik Jan van Hannen, Matthijs Tersmette, Erik Schaftenaar
BACKGROUND: While influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are recognised as a cause of severe illness and mortality, clinical interest for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections is still limited. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective database study comparing baseline characteristics and 30-day mortality in a large cohort of adult patients admitted for an overnight stay or longer with an influenza virus (A/B), rhinovirus, hMPV, RSV or SARS-CoV-2 infection...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Radhika Gharpure, Sonja J Olsen, William W Davis
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for SARS-CoV-2 disrupted circulation of influenza. We used data from 13 African countries and generalized linear models to identify associations between levels of NPIs, using the Oxford Stringency Index, and seasonal influenza activity, using parameters derived from 2020-2022 seasonal influenza surveillance. We found that for each step increase in school closings, the average percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza across the influenza season dropped by 20% (95% CI: 1-38%); no other NPI was significant...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kunzang Dorji, Pema Yuden, Tara Devi Ghishing, Govinda Ghimeray, Chonticha Klungthong, Sonam Wangchuk, Aaron Farmer
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly in young children. In Bhutan, respiratory disease continues to be among the top 10 diseases of morbidity for several years. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RSV among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Bhutan. METHOD: Respiratory specimens were collected from SARI patients of all ages in 2016 and 2018 following influenza surveillance guidelines...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cecilia He, Derek Norton, Jonathan L Temte, Shari Barlow, Maureen Goss, Emily Temte, Cristalyne Bell, Guanhua Chen, Amra Uzicanin
BACKGROUND: School-aged children and school reopening dates have important roles in community influenza transmission. Although many studies evaluated the impact of reactive closures during seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks on medically attended influenza in surrounding communities, few assess the impact of planned breaks (i.e., school holidays) that coincide with influenza seasons, while accounting for differences in seasonal peak timing. Here, we analyze the effects of winter and spring breaks on influenza risk in school-aged children, measured by student absenteeism due to influenza-like illness (a-ILI)...
January 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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