Obesity Research & Clinical Practice

Despite the existence of effective treatments, obesity continues to present a severe public health crisis. Limited access to treatments works against efforts to reduce obesity prevalence. A major barrier to treatment access is a lack of insurance coverage. This study focused on an important population of stakeholders: benefits managers. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between attitudes about insurance coverage of obesity treatments and obesity stigma. Benefits managers have the ability to advocate for insurance coverage of medical interventions...

Whānau Pakari is a family-centred healthy lifestyle programme for children/adolescents with overweight/obesity in New Zealand. This secondary analysis from our randomised trial within the clinical service assessed 5-year BMI changes in accompanying caregivers (n = 23), mostly mothers. Overall, baseline and 5-year caregivers' BMI were similar (32.50 vs 31.42 kg/m2 , respectively; p = 0.31) but two-thirds (65%) experienced BMI reductions. Five-year BMI change was similar in High-intensity and Low-intensity randomisation groups [-1...

OBJECTIVE: To identify subclinical left ventricle dysfunction (LVD) in obese rats by speckle-tracking echocardiography, and to evaluate the effects of 12-week Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) or High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on LV geometry, histology and function in obese rats. METHODS: Eighteen male standard or obese Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the Control group, the MICT group, and the HIIT group. Exercise interventions were conducted for 12 weeks, with equal total load and increased intensity gradient...

The BMI predicts mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, while in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) a high BMI is associated with improved survival, a phenomenon referred to as the "obesity paradox". While BMI is easy to determine and helps to categorize patients, it does not differentiate between fat tissue, lean tissue and bone mass. As the BMI may be altered in CKD, e.g. by muscle wasting, we determined in this meta-analysis (i) the association of mortality with fat tissue quantity in CKD and (ii) the association of mortality with abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) in CKD...

We present for the first-time efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1-RA (Semaglutide) in Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS). SKS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, seizures and distinctive facial features due to MTOR gene mutation. We present a 22-year-old woman with mosaic SKS and severe obesity (Body Mass Index ≥40 kg/m²), treated with semaglutide. She achieved a 9 kg (7.44%) weight loss over 12 months without adverse effects.This case highlights semaglutide's potential in managing obesity in SKS patients, emphasizing the need for further research in this rare genetic disorder...

BACKGROUND: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and long-term postpartum maternal weight gain, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the risk of general and abdominal obesity, beyond motherhood (some 27 y after childbirth). METHODS: Participants were 1953 women enrolled in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort study that started in the early 1980 s, with the most recent follow-up at 27 y postpartum...

BACKGROUND: Adult height is associated with the risk of stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We explored the mediating role of metabolic factors in the association between adult height and stroke incidence. METHODS: We used data from 3306 community-dwelling participants with complete information on adult height, metabolic factors, and 25-year cardiovascular outcomes. Participants were classified into three adult height groups based on sex-specific height quartiles: short (Q1), average (Q2-Q3), and tall (Q4)...

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among military personnel has increased substantially in the past two decades. Following military discharge many personnel can receive integrated health care from the Veterans Health Administration. Prior research related to the economic impacts of obesity has not examined health care costs following the transition into civilian life following military discharge. To address this evidence gap, this study sought to compare longitudinal costs over 10 years across weight categories among VA enrollees recently discharged from the military...

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to the rising incidence of cardiometabolic diseases. Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an ectopic fat depot located at the renal cavity that could impair renal function and hemodynamic through compression of renal structures. The major purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between RSF accumulation and renal dysfunction in CKD patients. METHODS: We evaluated the associations between computed tomography measured RSF volume and key clinical and histologic parameters involved in renal function and hemodynamics in 132 well-characterized CKD patients who underwent renal biopsy (median age: 62 years; 63...

BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear, particularly for those with established CVD risk factors. We analyzed follow-up data from the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. We studied the association between the degree of obesity and risk of CVD and its subtypes specifically among individuals with hypertension, hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterolemia, or diabetes. METHODS: Pooled data of 8972 adults (7076 men and 1896 women) who were recruited between 2002 and 2008 were used in the current analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the early pregnancy loss rate in patients in first hormone replacement therapy-frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycles and find the threshold. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a total of 14030 HRT-FET cycles at the Reproductive Center from January 2017 to December 2021. The association of pre-pregnancy BMI on early pregnancy loss rate in patients in HRT-FET cycles was assessed by performing univariate analysis, multivariable logistic regression, curve fitting and threshold effect analysis...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore and compare the effect of weight change, and waist circumference (WC) change, on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with metabolically healthy overweight or obesity (MHOW/O) and metabolically unhealthy overweight or obesity (MUOW/O) in a health check-up cohort in China. METHODS: 5625 adults with overweight or obesity, and free from NAFLD at baseline were included. Metabolically healthy was defined as not having any components of metabolic syndrome...

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a very effective weight loss intervention, although does not invariably reverses the obesity status. Our aim was to evaluate whether despite successful weight loss after MBS, persistence of obesity at time of conception still carries additional risks of adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study comparing pregnancy outcomes of women previously submitted to MBS with a preconception (PC) body mass index BMI < 30 kg/m2 or PC BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal pain and postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) are common after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and PBH more than a decade after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with dietary intervention has an educational role in reducing symptoms. SUBJECTS: At two public hospitals in Norway (one University Hospital) 22 of 46 invited patients who reported abdominal pain more than weekly took part...

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This review sought to meta-analyze previous research observing the effects of fat mass distribution on the fall risk among people with obesity. The literature search yielded five qualified studies enrolling 1218 participants (650 with android vs. 568 with gynoid). The outcome variables included the annual fall prevalence (primary outcome) and the center of pressure (COP) movement measurements during a posturography test (secondary) among people with android or gynoid obesity. Meta-analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted random-effects model...

Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery require intensive secondary prevention. Semaglutide reduced cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes in the SELECT trial. In this real-world study of 1386 patients without diabetes undergoing CABG surgery in an Australian hospital, approximately 1 in 2 patients (53.3 %) were potentially eligible for semaglutide based on the SELECT trial criteria. These findings highlight that a significant percentage of this very high-risk cohort merit receiving semaglutide for weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction...

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of overweight/obesity is lower in Asian countries, the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is disproportionally higher. We identified and characterized the trajectory patterns of body mass index (BMI) before the onset of T2DM in a Taiwanese population. METHODS: Using the Taiwan MJ cohort study, we sampled the health examination data of 22,934 participants, including 7618 cases of T2DM and 15,316 controls. We used latent class trajectory analysis to identify distinct groups of pre-disease BMI trajectory...

There is a lack of consensus regarding universally accepted criteria for metabolic health (MH). A simple definition of MH was systematically derived in a recent prospective cohort study. The present cross-sectional study aimed to explore the applicability of these criteria in Korean population, using coronary calcification as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. In total, 1049 healthy participants, who underwent coronary artery calcification testing at university hospital health promotion centers between January and December 2022, were included...

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively investigate the associations of pancreas fat content and size with circulating markers of iron metabolism. METHODS: A total of 116 individuals underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy on a 3.0 Tesla scanner, exclusively for the purpose of the COSMOS research programme. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition, total pancreas volume, liver fat content, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes were quantified. Plasma levels of hepcidin and ferritin were measured...