IET Nanobiotechnology

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the chief neurological difficulties in the aged population, identified through dementia, memory disturbance, and reduced cognitive abilities. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques aggregations, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major signs of AD. Regarding the urgent need for the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, researchers have recently perused the function of natural phytobioactive combinations, such as resveratrol (RES), in vivo and in vitro (animal models of AD)...

This study examined the removal of Pb(II) using magnetic chitosan hydrogel adsorbent from diverse sample waters. Spectrometry was used to track the effects of magnetic acrylamide nanocomposite dose, pH extraction, and contact duration on Pb(II) removal from sample water. This research also looked at adsorption isotherm models for the sorption of Pb(II). The magnetic chitosan hydrogel adsorbent Pb(II) adsorption capability was 31.74 mg/g respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model fits the removal of Pb(II) utilising magnetic chitosan hydrogel adsorbent...

As biological macromolecules, proteins are involved in important cellular functions ranging from DNA replication and biosynthesis to metabolic signalling and environmental sensing. Protein sequencing can help understand the relationship between protein function and structure, and provide key information for disease diagnosis and new drug design. Nanopore sensors are a novel technology to achieve the goal of label-free and high-throughput protein sequencing. In recent years, nanopore-based biosensors have been widely used in the detection and analysis of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins...

Uncontrolled waste generation and management difficulties are causing chaos in the ecosystem. Although it is vital to ease environmental pressures, right now there is no such practical strategy available for the treatment or utilisation of waste material. Because the Earth's resources are limited, a long-term, sustainable, and sensible solution is necessary. Currently waste material has drawn a lot of attention as a renewable resource. Utilisation of residual biomass leftovers appears as a green and sustainable approach to lessen the waste burden on Earth while meeting the demand for bio-based goods...

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing is crucial for drug dosage and disease progression. Therefore, a simple and convenient genotyping assay is essential for personalised medicine. Herein, we developed a non-invasive, closed-tube, and visualised method for genotyping. In this method, oral swabs were lysed to directly perform PCR coupled with nested invasive reaction and visualisation based on gold nanoparticle probes in a closed tube. The strategy for genotyping assay depends on the single base recognition property of invasive reaction...

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance is the biggest barrier on the way to chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). For some LUAD patients with cisplatin (DDP) resistance and poor prognoses, the authors put forward RNA nanoparticles (NPs) carrying miR-301b-3p Inhibitor. METHODS: The NPs were composed of miR-301b-3p, A549 aptamer (A549apt), and Cyanine 5 in a bottom-up manner with a 3-way-junction (3WJ) structure. Diameter, assembly process, and morphology of NPs were observed by Dynamic Light Scattering, Native-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, and Atomic Force Microscopy...

The purpose of this study is the design and synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugated with paclitaxel and to investigate the parameters affecting the stability of synthesised nanoparticles with drug delivery capability. Here, synthesised GNPs were coated with polyethylene glycol. Then these particles were conjugated with paclitaxel under different conditions and the physical and structural characteristics, as well as the factors affecting the loading of paclitaxel on nanoparticles, were evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential apparatus...

Currently, organic solvents are necessary for the preparation of anionic liposomes for siRNA delivery. The removal of organic solvent is time-consuming and the residual organic solvent is not only a hidden danger, but also affects the stability of anionic liposomes. Glycerol, which is physiologically compatible and does not need to be removed, is used to promote the dispersion of lipids and the formation of anionic liposomes. Additionally, the preparation process is simple and not time-consuming. The results showed that anionic liposomes, which were typically spherical with a particle size of 188...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be efficiently used in wound healing process; but the main obstacle of its clinical use is its susceptibility to proteolysis and maintaining its effective concentration in the site of action. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing EGF is formulated using a simple method to increase its stability in physiological pH as well as protect its biological activity and effectiveness in wound healing process. Nanoparticles with different ratios of chitosan/EGF were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo...

With the development of single-cell RNA sequencing technology (scRNA-seq), we have the ability to study biological questions at the level of the individual cell transcriptome. Nowadays, many analysis tools, specifically suitable for single-cell RNA sequencing data, have been developed. In this review, the currently commonly used scRNA-seq protocols are discussed. The upstream processing flow pipeline of scRNA-seq data, including goals and popular tools for reads mapping and expression quantification, quality control, normalization, imputation, and batch effect removal is also introduced...

Restoration of damaged bone and cartilage tissue with biomaterial scaffolds is an area of interest in orthopaedics. Chitosan is among the low-cost biomaterials used as scaffolds with considerable biocompability to almost every human tissue. Considerable osteoconductivity, porosity, and appropriate pore size distribution have made chitosan an appropriate scaffold for loading of stem cells and a good homing place for differentiation of stem cells to bone tissue. Moreover, the similarity of chitosan to glycosaminoglycans and its potential to be used as soft gels, which could be lasting more than 1 week in mobile chondral defects, has made chitosan a polymer of interest in repairing bone and cartilage defects...

In this study, the nanoemulsions containing angelica essential oil (AEO) was used as a novel nano-carrier for enrichment of dairy dessert. Firstly, oil-in-water nanoemulsions were prepared by different levels of GE (1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) as the dispersed phase, Tween 80 as surfactant with a constant surfactant to essential oil ratio (1:1), and distillated water as a continuous phase. Droplet size, free radical scavenging capacity, antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (25923 ATCC)) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli H7 O157 (700728 ATCC)) were evaluated for produced nanoemulsions...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high incidence and widespread attention. There is currently no clear clarification of the pathogenesis. However, ORMDL3 causes ferroptosis in AD, and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. So, this study explore the function of ORMDL3 on ferroptosis in AD and its potential regulatory mechanisms. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and C57BL/6 mice were induced into the mice model. The murine microglial BV-2 cells also were induced into the vitro model. In serum samples of AD mice, ORMDL3 mRNA expression levels were upregulated...

To enable the accurate reproduction of organs in vitro, and improve drug screening efficiency and regenerative medicine research, it is necessary to assemble cells with single-cell resolution to form cell clusters. However, a method to assemble such forms has not been developed. In this study, a platform for on-site cell assembly at the single-cell level using optically driven microtools in a microfluidic device is developed. The microtool was fabricated by SU-8 photolithography, and antibodies were immobilised on its surface...

Several obstacles limit the efficacy of brain tumour treatment, most notably the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the brain uptake of the majority of accessible medicines due to tight junctions. The presence of glutathione (GSH) receptors on the BBB surface has been demonstrated in numerous papers; consequently, products containing glutathione as a targeting ligand coupled with nanoliposomes are used to enhance drug delivery across the BBB. Here, the 5% pre-inserted PEG2000-GSH PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin was conducted according to 2B3-101 being tested in clinical trials...

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have emerged as the most efficient photothermal agent in cancer therapy and photocatalysis. Understanding the influence of the surrounding medium, particle size, and excitation wavelength is critical to optimising the photothermal conversion rate. Here, three pairs of large and small gold nanorods of different aspect ratios and their heat generation under laser radiation at on and off surface plasmon resonance wavelengths in aqueous solution and gel-like media are investigated. In the aqueous solution, the temperature rise of the large gold nanorods is more than with small gold nanorods at resonance excitation...

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an asymptomatic common virus that is typically harmless, but in some cases, it can be life threatening. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic methods and strengthen the efforts to combat this virus. A microcantilever-based biosensor functionalised with the UL83-antibody of HCMV (UL83-HCMV antibody) has been developed to detect the UL83-antigen of HCMV (UL83-HCMV antigen) at different concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 300 ng/ml. The response of the biosensor to the presence of UL83-HCMV antigen was measured through the shift in resonance frequency before and after antigen-antibody binding...

Today, the increasing use of chemical preservatives in foods is considered one of the main problems in food industries. This study aimed to produce the pasteurised Doogh (Iranian yogurt drink) containing a nanoemulsion of essential oil (EO) with appropriate quality. A factorial test based on a completely randomised design with two treatments in three levels, including EO type (pennyroyal, Gijavash, and their equal combination) and a control sample was applied to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh...

Hyperthermia is an additional treatment method to radiation therapy/chemotherapy, which increases the survival rate of patients without side effects. Nowadays, Auroshell nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their precise control over heat use for medical purposes. In this research, iron/gold Auroshell nanoparticles were synthesised using green nanotechnology approach. Auroshell gold@hematite nanoparticles were synthesised and characterised with rosemary extract in one step and the green synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis...

Herein, the authors synthesised chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) as a resveratrol (RSV) carrier and evaluated their efficacy in stimulating apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 cells. Blank (Cs NPs) and RSV- Cs NPs (RSV-Cs NPs) were synthesised via ionic gelation and characterised by using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering/Zeta potential and RSV release. MDA-MB 231 cells were treated with RSV, Cs NPs and RSV-Cs NPs (24, 48, and 72 h), followed by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay...