Journal of Clinical Lipidology

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with lifelong elevated plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Clinical recommendations and treatments have emerged to facilitate the management of FH patients. Their impact on the burden of FH is however not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To compare the burden of FH between patients hospitalized for a CHD event 25 years apart in the French-Canadian founder population...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between cumulative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) exposure and progression of atherosclerosis remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cumulative LDL-C level and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) and the presence of plaque in the common carotid artery (CCA). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. We measured FMD in 8208 subjects, NID in 1822 subjects, and CCA plaque in 591 subjects who were not taking lipid-lowering drugs...

It's a privilege to discuss preventive cardiology with 3 of the foremost U.S. leaders in this growing subspecialty. Preventive cardiology is the practice of primordial, primary, and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. It employs an integrated team of clinicians committed to preventing all forms of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other conditions. Thus, contemporary preventive cardiology extends management beyond dyslipidemic risk reduction and now commonly includes treatment of hypertension, diabetes and other related cardiometabolic disorders, novel cardiovascular risk factors, thrombotic risk, some cardiac genetic disorders, and cardiac disorders specific to women's health, as well as attention to tobacco- and drug-related risks...

BACKGROUND: Statins are the leading lipid-lowering drugs, reducing blood cholesterol by controlling its synthesis. Side effects are linked to the use of statins, in particular statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Some data suggest that vitamin D supplementation could reduce SAMS. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of the vitamin D supplement in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Men (n = 23) and women (n = 15) (50...

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a severe form of FH in which inheritance of two defective or null mutations in genes associated with metabolism of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) results in extremely high LDL-C, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and mortality. Treatment of HoFH comprises a multi-modal approach of statins, ezetimibe, lipoprotein apheresis; and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type, angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein...

BACKGROUND: Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a novel therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia. Vupanorsen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting ANGPTL3, reduced triglycerides up to 57% in a phase 2b trial, but caused dose-dependent increases in hepatic fat fraction (HFF). OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of HFF progression with escalating doses of vupanorsen, differential HFF increases in key patient subgroups, and the correlation between changes in HFF and liver enzymes...

BACKGROUND: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited condition that likely affects 1 in 300 people often requiring pharmacologic intervention in childhood. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that current strategies for pediatric lipid screening fail to detect and treat most FH, but data analysis may suggest specific methods to improve outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively searched 392,129 patient records of 11-17-year-olds in Kaiser Permanente Southern California for data related to recommended universal pediatric lipid screening...

Polyneuropathy is a frequently encountered clinical presentation where peripheral nerves are affected due to the same cause and physiopathological processes. We report a case of acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy in a patient with Tangier disease (TD) who was treated with miglustat which is a glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor. TD is a very rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCA1 gene which encodes the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein. It leads to accumulation of cholesterol esters within various tissues and affects lipid metabolism by deficiency of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood...

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is an extracorporeal treatment that transiently reduces lipoprotein (a) by 60% and leads to an 80-92% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. LA has a significant impact on lipid profile in serum of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of LA on the composition of serum fatty acids (FAs), focusing on those which could have an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the association between habitual fish oil use and new-onset kidney stones in participants with different levels of genetic risks of kidney stones. METHODS: 477,311 participants free of kidney stones at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort were included. Fish oil use was collected by both food frequency questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls. A genetic risk score (GRS) for kidney stones was calculated based on 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with kidney stones...

Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a recent long-term follow-up study involving children with familial hypercholesterolemia, Lp(a) levels contributed significantly to early atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). To determine if this holds true for children without FH, we conducted a 20-year follow-up study, examining 88 unaffected siblings (mean age: 12.9 years) of children with FH. No significant association was found between Lp(a) and cIMT during follow-up (ß-adjusted [95% CI] = 0...

BACKGROUND: Because ischemic stroke is heterogeneous, the associations between LDL-cholesterol levels and early vascular outcomes might be different according to the stroke subtype in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: This study was an analysis of a prospective, multicenter, stroke registry. Acute ischemic stroke patients previously not treated with statins were included. Admission LDL-cholesterol levels were divided into 7 groups at 20 mg/dl intervals for comparison...

BACKGROUND: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) is an autosomal recessive (rarely dominant) inherited disorder that is almost exclusively associated with the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) variability. Nonetheless, only a small proportion of APOE2/E2 subjects develop the phenotype for mixed dyslipidemia; the context of other trigger metabolic or genetic factors remains unknown. METHODS: One hundred and one patients with FD and eighty controls (all APOE2/E2 homozygotes; rs429358) were screened for 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genes involved in triglyceride metabolism...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of plaques in arterial walls, leading to cardiovascular diseases and high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Non-invasive imaging techniques play a crucial role in evaluating patients with suspected or established atherosclerosis. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting the need to visualize the underlying processes of plaque progression and rupture to enhance risk stratification. This review explores recent advancements in non-invasive assessment of atherosclerosis, focusing on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging...

BACKGROUNDS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is a crucial component of public health. We aimed to determine the predictive value of the TyG index and TyG-related indices for new-onset CVD. METHODS: This prospective study included 7,808 participants aged 40-69 years from the Ansung-Ansan cohort database. Our analysis was stratified by diabetes status. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident CVD was computed using multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression models...

From a large regional registry, we aimed to address the characteristics and prognosis of patients with elevated triglycerides (TG) among patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI). From the multicenter database of the RICO survey, all consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute MI (2001-2017) and alive at discharge were included. Among the 10,667 patients included, 17.7% had elevated TG. When compared with patients with TG ≤ 200 mg/dL, patients with high TG (>200 mg/dL) were 10 years younger, had a higher BMI, were more frequently men, diabetic, and smokers...

BACKGROUND: Severe hypertriglyceridemia can be caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A key protein in this respect is lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which hydrolyzes triglycerides in these lipoproteins. Another important protein is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) which transports LPL to the luminal side of the endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to identify a genetic cause of hypertriglyceridemia in 459 consecutive unrelated subjects with levels of serum triglycerides ≥20 mmol/l...

AIMS: Diagnosis rate of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remained less than 10 % globally and the economic evaluation results of different FH screening strategies varied. This study aimed to systematically review the methodology and results of cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) of FH screening, which will provide evidence support for health-related decision-making. METHODS: The Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHSEED) and CEA Registry databases were electronically searched to collect full economic evaluation from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2022...

BACKGROUND: Familial hypobetalipoproteinemias (FHBL) are rare genetic diseases characterized by lipid malabsorption. We focused on abetalipoproteinemia (FHBL-SD1) and chylomicron retention disease (FHBL-SD3), caused by mutations in MTTP and SAR1B genes, respectively. Treatments include a low-fat diet and high-dose fat-soluble vitamin supplementations. However, patients are not supplemented in carotenoids, a group of lipid-soluble pigments essential for eye health. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate carotenoid absorption and status in the context of hypobetalipoproteinemia...

BACKGROUND: Bempedoic acid is an oral adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) blood levels. The Cholesterol Lowering via Bempedoic acid, an ACL-Inhibiting Regimen (CLEAR) Outcomes study demonstrated that bempedoic acid reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients at high risk for CV events who were unwilling or unable to take guideline-recommended doses of statins. OBJECTIVE: To describe detailed safety information from CLEAR Outcomes, including events in the United States (US) prescribing information based on previous phase 3 hyperlipidemia studies...