Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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OBJECTIVE: Medications used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) reduce drug overdose risk. Buprenorphine is often the preferred treatment for OUD because of its high safety profile. Given expanding buprenorphine use, this study sought to examine buprenorphine-involved deaths (BIDs) and compare them with other drug-related deaths. METHOD: West Virginia drug-related deaths from 2005 to early 2020 were identified. Study data included decedent demographics, toxicology, autopsy findings, and medical and prescription histories...

OBJECTIVE: Research on alcohol environments has established that poorer and minoritized communities are frequently overburdened by off-premise outlets (e.g., liquor stores). These outlets have more associated harms, including increased alcohol consumption and crime rates. Little, if any, research has shown how these socio-spatial disparities in exposure have grown or shifted over time, and no studies have established a method for re-creating historical alcohol environments. METHOD: Our results suggest that in our study city of Flint, MI, disparities in the alcohol environment have narrowed since 1950...

OBJECTIVE: University students are a high-risk demographic for alcohol-impaired driving (AID), a leading contributor to death and injury on Canadian roads. Although between-person correlates of AID are well established, little research has identified within-person correlates that elucidate when AID occurs. Accordingly, this study investigated whether between- and within-person variability in impulsivity, binge drinking, depression, and anxiety are associated with AID in university students...

OBJECTIVE: Evidence indicates a counterintuitive positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption, suggesting that people who engage in more physical activity consume more alcohol. Impulsivity, which has a well-documented role in alcohol use disorders, has been shown to moderate the between-person physical activity-drinking association among emerging adults. However, only a handful of studies have explored within-person associations of physical activity and drinking and potential moderators of this relationship...

OBJECTIVE: Amphetamine-type stimulants are increasingly implicated in road trauma incidents. Although ambulances are typically first to attend these emergencies, limited research has used paramedic clinical data to examine the contribution of amphetamine use to road trauma-related ambulance attendances. We describe the clinical and temporal risk profiles associated with amphetamine-related harm in road trauma incidents requiring paramedic attendance in the Australian state of Victoria...

OBJECTIVE: People who inject drugs (PWID) are known to be more susceptible to infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C among PWID in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHOD: The MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched without language restriction from inception to 2021. Articles were screened based on titles and abstracts. After reading the full texts, the articles were selected based on eligibility criteria...

OBJECTIVE: Drunkenness is common among youth and has been linked to injuries and other acute consequences as well as subsequent alcohol problems. Less is known about the long-term consequences of drunkenness regarding future education and labor market integration, and how risk changes during the developmental course. We identified trajectories of drunkenness from early adolescence to young adulthood and examined how drunkenness was associated with subsequent outcomes in the domains of education, income, unemployment, and disability...

OBJECTIVE: Although many health care organizations have sought to increase the integration of substance use services into clinical practice, such practice changes can prove difficult to sustain. METHOD: Seven primary care clinics participated in an implementation study of screening and brief intervention (BI) services for adolescent patients (ages 12-17). All sites delivered screening and brief advice (BA) for low-risk use using a uniform protocol. Clinics were randomized to deliver BI using generalist (provider-delivered) or specialist (behavioral health clinician-delivered) models...

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the benzodiazepine concentrations in urine samples from participants undergoing alcohol withdrawal in a Phase 4 "Proof of Concept" double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Chlordiazepoxide was prescribed to all participants "as needed" during the first 2 weeks only of alcohol withdrawal, to prevent serious consequences such as seizures. The trial examined effects of either mifepristone or placebo on the primary trial outcomes, which included cognitive function tests at 3 weeks and 4 weeks after the cessation of drinking...

OBJECTIVE: Contingency management (CM) is an evidence-based treatment for addictive disorders that is underused in clinical practice. The attitudes of staff are frequently reported as barriers to the uptake and use of evidence-based treatments, including CM. Understanding these barriers is an important step in implementation and could have an impact on an intervention's efficacy. We investigated Canadian addiction treatment providers' (ATPs) beliefs and use of CM. METHOD: Managers of addictions treatment programs across Canada were contacted between March 2019 and February 2021 and asked to forward our survey to interested ATPs ( N = 298 respondents; female = 210, male = 80, other = 8) who offered services to help clients reduce substance use in their program(s)...

OBJECTIVE: Polysubstance use is common among people with HIV infection (PWH) and with substance use disorder (SUD), but its effects are understudied. We aimed to identify polysubstance use patterns over time and assess their associations with HIV disease severity. METHOD: In 233 PWH with current or past SUD, latent class analysis identified polysubstance use patterns based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and past-30-day use of cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and tranquilizers at baseline...

OBJECTIVE: Affect regulation is central to multiple theoretical models that explain cannabis use (CU) behavior. However, much of the research has been conducted with adults, leaving unanswered questions about the nature of associations among adolescents, especially those with affective disorders. Using clinical interviews and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we assessed rates of adolescent CU and momentary associations with affect following psychiatric discharge among youth hospitalized for suicidal thoughts and behaviors...

OBJECTIVE: Despite extensive literature that has identified high rates of delay discounting as a behavioral correlate of substance misuse, associations of cannabis use measures and delay discounting are less consistent. Furthermore, there is very limited research examining cannabis use using cross-commodity delay discounting tasks, where the immediate and delayed outcomes are different commodities. METHOD: Using conventional single-commodity delay discounting tasks for money and cannabis outcomes as well as cross-commodity delay discounting tasks (i...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes toward legalization of cannabis use and openness to legal use among Norwegian partygoers. METHOD: We examined a combined sample ( N = 4,790; 46.2% female) of young partygoers ( M age = 23.7, SD = 7.3) from three Norwegian studies on substance use in various settings: music festivals ( n = 1,312), nightlife ( n = 2,005), and high school graduation ( n = 1,473). Through onsite surveys, the participants were asked if they thought cannabis use should be legal in Norway and whether they themselves would use the drug if legalized...

OBJECTIVE: Although many primary school students in Kenya report use of alcohol and other drugs, evidence-based prevention interventions for schools are generally unavailable. Globally, there are growing opportunities to conduct research that assesses whether efficacious interventions from elsewhere can be adopted for new settings and populations. This small pilot study implemented and evaluated a linguistically adapted version of the school-based keepin' it REAL (kiR) universal substance use prevention program from the United States in Kenyan primary schools to assess its effectiveness and estimate potential effect sizes...

OBJECTIVE: The association of proximity of alcohol outlets to the workplace with problem drinking has not been previously studied. We examined longitudinal associations of living and working in proximity to alcohol outlets with problem drinking. METHOD: The data consisted of 13,306 employed respondents to the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health between 2012 and 2018. Road distances from the respondents' home and workplace to the nearest liquor outlet, beer outlet, and bar were calculated by Statistics Sweden...

OBJECTIVE: Many children and adolescents get their first experience with alcohol in a family setting. Evidence suggests that parental supply of alcohol is a risk factor for drinking later in life. However, most of the previous studies have been conducted in Western countries. The Czech Republic has among the highest alcohol consumption per capita, including among adolescents, and providing their own children with sips of alcohol is widely considered by parents to be a good way to introduce children to safe drinking...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent and nature of email interactions between National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) leaders and the alcohol industry from 2013 to 2020. METHOD: We performed a thematic content analysis of 4,784 pages of email correspondence obtained from Freedom of Information Act requests to the National Institutes of Health on three senior NIAAA staff members. RESULTS: A total of 43 NIAAA staff were identified interacting with 15 industry bodies (companies and other organizations)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.