Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

INTRODUCTION: The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel. AREAS COVERED: Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons...

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent condition with consequent multiple organ systems complications. There is consensus that OSA is associated with negative effects on pulmonary hemodynamics but whether it contributes to development of clinical pulmonary hypertension (PH) is unclear. AREAS COVERED: In this review we 1) highlight previous studies looking into the possible bidirectional association of OSA and PH, focusing on those that explore clinical prognostic implications, 2) explore potential pathophysiology, 3) discuss the new metrics in OSA, 4) describe endo-phenotyping of OSA, 5) recommend possible risk assessment and screening pathways...

INTRODUCTION: Hypercapnia is developed in patients with acute and/or chronic respiratory conditions. Clinical data concerning hypercapnia and respiratory infections interaction is limited. AREAS COVERED: Currently, the relationship between hypercapnia and respiratory infections remains unclear. In this review, we summarize studies on the effects of hypercapnia on models of pulmonary infections to clarify the role of elevated CO2 in these pulmonary pathologies. Hypercapnia affects different cell types in the alveoli, leading to changes in the immune response...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: The evolving landscape of surgical interventions for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) necessitates a reassessment of the traditional gold standard of lobectomy versus emerging sublobar resections, prompting this critical narrative review. AREAS COVERED: This review encompasses recent randomized controlled trials, notably JCOG0802/WJOG4607L and CALGB140503, comparing lobectomy and sublobar resections for early-stage NSCLC, focusing on tumor size and recurrence rates...

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated factors associated with anxiety and depression in COPD outpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 702 COPD outpatients from two major Jordanian hospitals using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was conducted. RESULTS: Significant associations were found with gender (Anxiety OR: 5.29, 95%CI: 2.38-11.74; Depression OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.08-0.51), disease severity (Anxiety OR: 2.97, 95%CI: 1...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy (IO) has established a new milestone in lung cancer treatment. Several registrational studies have approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in different settings, including the metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As wellknown, responders are just a certain proportion of patients, therefore their selection by using predictive factors has stood out as a crucial issue to address in tailoring a patientcentered care. AREAS COVERED: In our review we propose a detailed yet handy cross section on ICIs as firstline treatment in metastatic NSCLC, regarding indications, histological, clinical and bloodbased biomarkers, other than their mechanisms of resistance and new immunological actionable targets...

BACKGROUND: The disorder of circadian rhythm could be a key factor mediating fibrotic lung disease Therefore, our study aims to determine the diagnostic value of circadian rhythm-related genes (CRRGs) in IPF. METHODS: We retrieved the data on CRRGs from previous studies and the GSE150910 dataset. The participants from the GSE150910 dataset were divided into training and internal validation sets. Next, we used several various bioinformatics methods and machine learning algorithms to screen genes...

INTRODUCTION: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite all available diagnostics and treatments, these conditions pose a significant individual, economic and social burden. Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to support clinical decision-making processes by optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies of these heterogeneous and complex chronic respiratory diseases. Its capabilities extend to predicting exacerbation risk, disease progression and mortality, providing healthcare professionals with valuable insights for more effective care...

INTRODUCTION: Air pollution has been shown to have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality of respiratory illnesses including asthma. AREAS COVERED: Outdoor air pollution consists of a mixture of individual pollutants including vehicle traffic and industrial pollution. Studies have implicated an array of individual components of air pollution, with PM2.5 , NO2 , SO2 , and ozone being the most classically described, and newer literature implicating other pollutants such as black carbon and volatile organic compounds...

INTRODUCTION: A child's living environment has a significant impact on their respiratory health, with exposure to poor indoor air quality (IAQ) contributing to potentially lifelong respiratory morbidity. These effects occur throughout childhood, from the antenatal period through to adolescence. Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of environmental insults, and children living in socioeconomic deprivation globally are more likely to breathe air both indoors and outdoors which poses an acute and long-term risk to their health...

INTRODUCTION: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is commonly associated with respiratory diseases, such as COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review aims to comprehensively synthesize the existing information on SDB in respiratory diseases, investigate the role of gender in this association, and highlight the importance of OSA management in improving sleep, quality of life, and disease prognosis in these specific patient populations...

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to elucidate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2B6 gene and susceptibility to lung cancer (LC). METHODS: Five SNPs in CYP2B6 were genotyped in Chinese Han population (507 cases and 505 controls) utilizing Agena MassARRAY. The relationship between these SNPs and LC susceptibility was assessed using odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and χ2 tests. Additionally, multifactor dimensionality reduction was employed to analyze SNP-SNP interactions...

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is increasing in incidence, due to the use of many new drugs across a broad range of cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases. The presentation and onset of DI-ILD are variable even for the same drug across different individuals. Clinical suspicion is essential for identifying these conditions, with timely drug cessation an important determinant of outcomes. AREAS COVERED: This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DI-ILD...

BACKGROUND: Underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical trials may hinder the potential benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this work was to determine whether participants in PR randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted in the U.S.A., Canada, the UK, and Australia are representative of ethnicity, sex, gender, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN: A systematic search was performed for relevant literature from inception to December 2022...

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a prevalent condition with a substantial morbi-mortality worldwide. Proper risk stratification of PE is essential for identifying the most suitable therapeutic strategy and the optimal care setting for the patient. This process entails evaluating various factors, including symptoms, comorbidities, and right heart dysfunction. AREAS COVERED: This review assesses the tools and methods utilized to identify and stratify individuals based on the probability of developing deterioration or death related to PE...