Current Clinical Pharmacology

BACKGROUNDS: Hesperetin has antihyperuricemia activity, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of hesperetin may be altered by hyperuricemia. This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for the determination of hesperetin in normal and hyperuricemia rats, and to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of hesperetin after oral administration between normal and hyperuricemia rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into one normal group (group A) and four hyperuricemia groups (group B, C, D, and E)...

BACKGROUND: Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, acts as a multipotent active pharmaceutical ingredient to counteract several types of dementia based on its numerous pharmacological actions including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cholesterol-lowering effect, and inhibition of Aβ production and AChE. However, BBR suffers from poor absorption, bioavailability and brain drug uptake. The present study is directed for the formulation and characterization of Chitosan BBR-nanoparticles (BBR-NPs) as well as the estimation of its neuroprotective effects against scopolamine induced cognitive impairments...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Rodenticide poisoning, either accidental or intentional, is very common in rural India. Absence of a definite antidote made it a major concern with a high mortality rate. So, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) in rodenticide poisoning as there are recent positive shreds of evidence on it. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was conducted in an tertiary care teaching hospital on patients admitted with rodenticide poisoning during a period of 2012- 2017...

BACKGROUND: Biopharmaceuticals such as Biologic medicinal products have been in clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited towards the therapy of degenerative and critical metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of 20% per year, and by 2025, more than ˃ 50% of new drug approvals may be biological products. The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates for cost control, especially for innovators products that have enjoyed a lengthy period of exclusive use...

BACKGROUND: Successful integration of in vitro into in vivo data on drug-drug interaction (DDI) is dependent on the inhibitory concentration used. Obtaining plasma concentration of a drug is only readily available for a small number of drugs in clinical practice, and so we propose the use of a therapeutic range as a substitute for inhibitory concentration. OBJECTIVE: Because of this, we aimed to construct a linear-regression model based on the area-under-curve of the victim drugs and the therapeutic range, for a set of known inhibitors of the CYP2D6 of interest...

BACKGROUND: Pain after cesarean section can turn the pleasant event of childbirth into an unpleasant experience for the mother. Pain relief through non-pharmaceutical methods, such as aromatherapy, could potentially be a useful intervention. In this study, the analgesic effect of chamomile oil was studied. PURPOSE: The current research was conducted to study the effect of chamomile oil on cesarean section pain in primiparous women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized double blind clinical trial wherein 128 primiparous pregnant women (who willingly selected cesarean section) took part...

AIM: The aim of review was to comprehensively characterize the antimicrobial efficacy of bacteriophages in eliminating pathogens occurring in companion animals, as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling infections that pose potential threats to the health and life of people and to the environment. METHODS: The review contains detailed information on the characteristics and classification of bacteriophages and an analysis of their life cycle. The dominant element is a detailed analysis of the experimental use of bacteriophages in combating infections caused by various microorganisms in companion animals with regard to their potential use in therapy...

The incidence, prevalence, and cost of care associated with diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease are on the rise. The role of gut microbiota in the causation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has not been established yet. Nevertheless, several animal models and human studies point towards the association. Targeting intestinal dysbiosis for the remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention is an attractive treatment approach with minimal adverse effects. However, the data is still conflicting...

BACKGROUND: The cesarean section has shown an increase in the trends within the past few years. The use of appropriate and effective anesthesia for the procedure is important, not only to reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal morbidities but also to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative effects of adjuvant ketamine, when used in combination with general anesthesia...

INTRODUCTION: Opioid-sparing strategies are recommended, and opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) is proposed in the literature. But few data exist about the feasibility of OFA in the routine practice. From a larger series of 21,463 patients receiving OFA, this work investigates the postoperative pain and related outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This matched retrospective study concerned 521 patients scheduled for a laparoscopic hysterectomy between 2010 and 2015 (118 receiving OFA and 403 receiving anaesthesia with opioids, AO)...

BACKGROUND: Medication reconciliation is a major part of clinical care transitions that can promote patient safety and satisfaction. The main administrators of this process are pharmacy practitioners. Currently, many medical centers all over the world implement the procedures of medication reconciliation with varying styles and inconsistent success. Some other centers are going to build protocols in near future. By now, there is no general consensus for an optimal method of running medication reconciliation and each center has its own approach...

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Stroke recurrence is a major health problem with devastating consequences. Adherence to secondary prevention guidelines reduced stroke recurrence. Data regarding prescriptions adherence to secondary prevention guidelines in the Middle East and North Africa is lacking. OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study is to assess the degree of physician adherence to ASA guidelines and the patient specific factors that affects their prescribing patterns in a major teaching hospital in Jordan...

BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to the prescribed therapy leads to low bone mineral density and enhance the development of osteoporosis complications and unnecessary hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with medication non-adherence in patients with osteoporosis. Findings would help guide the development of future pharmaceutical care interventions aim at improving health outcomes for patients with osteoporosis. METHOD: The study was conducted at an outpatient osteoporosis clinic at the Royal Medical Services Hospital...

BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether pomegranate causes drug interactions. Pomegranate juice has been shown to inhibit CYP3A in-vitro and animal studies. The co-administration pomegranate juice with cyclosporine, a narrow therapeutic drug that is the substrate of CYP3A, which might lead to drug toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy Thai volunteers. METHODS: The study design was an open-label, randomized, single dose, crossover study with a 2-week washout period...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is one of the most frequent causes of neonatal mortality especially in premature infants. Although it has been well established that maternal antenatal corticosteroid therapy has a positive effect on NRDS reduction, yet the effectiveness of this treatment in multifetal pregnancies is dubious. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of betamethasone therapy on the incidence of NRDS in multifetal pregnancies through a randomized controlled trial...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic Nephropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus due to functional and structural modifications in multiple kidney compartments. Probiotics have risen lately as a forthcoming therapeutic intervention but they have not been systematically evaluated in diabetic nephropathy so far. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate randomized controlled trials and experimental studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplements on diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl and Medline) with the Medical Subject Headings and entry terms of "diabetic nephropathy", "diabetic renal disease" and "probiotics"...

Constipation is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that may significantly affect the quality of life and health care costs. Treatment for constipation has been broadly reviewed by cognitive therapies, medications, and surgical interventions. Gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacilli have been demonstrated in functional gastrointestinal disorders and prebiotics to play a role in augmenting their presence. Prebiotics are ingredients in foods that remain undigested, stimulating the bacteria...

Inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are currently considered multifactorial pathologies in which various combined environmental factors act on genetic background, giving rise to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the colon caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Ulcerative colitis has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as high costs for the health-care system...