Scoliosis

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity, and whilst the isk of progression appears to be biomechanically mediated (larger deformities are more likely to progress), the detailed biomechanical mechanisms driving progression are not well understood. Gravitational forces in the upright position are the primary sustained loads experienced by the spine. In scoliosis they are asymmetrical, generating moments about the spinal joints which may promote asymmetrical growth and deformity progression...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1186/s13013-015-0043-x.].

BACKGROUND: A control study was designed to investigate circulating Ghrelin levels in adolescent girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and controls. Eating behavioral disorders, endocrine disorders, abnormal growth pattern and osteopenia have been well documented in AIS. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone produced by the stomach which reflects body weight changes and stimulates growth hormone secretion. Recently, it has been shown to be associated with bone metabolism and eating behavior...

BACKGROUND: Many years of bracing represent a burden to the patients. Early weaning may be the result of poor compliance, but may also be planned in patients with a long expected treatment time and a reduced stable primary curve during bracing. The aim of the present cohort study was to compare curve size, health related quality of life and surgical rates at long-term follow-up after ordinary bracing, planned and unplanned early weaning. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-one patients (353 girls/28 boys) with late-onset juvenile (n = 30) and adolescent (n = 351) idiopathic scoliosis and a mean primary major curve of 33...

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. OBJECTIVE: To assess what features determine post-operative shoulder asymmetry in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Shoulder balance is one of the major determinants of the cosmetic outcomes of AIS surgery. Yet, other than level of the shoulders we are not clear what parameters are to be measured to assess torso symmetry. This study looks at the various features that might affect the appearance of the shoulder region...

BACKGROUND: Osteotomies including pedicle subtraction (PSO) and/or Smith-Peterson (SPO) are used to facilitate surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD), but are associated with complications including instrumentation failure and rod fracture (RF). The purpose of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for RF, including a clinically significant subset (CSRF), after osteotomy for ASD. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was conducted on consecutive ASD patients treated with posterolateral instrumented fusion and osteotomy...

BACKGROUND: Concern exists regarding the potential for chiropractic treatment to cause adverse effects in individuals with scoliosis. The aim of this paper is to present the self-reported responses of 189 scoliosis patients over 3198 unique visits, collected over one calendar year from nine chiropractic clinics, regarding how they felt and the side effects they experienced immediately after chiropractic treatment. METHODS: Thirty six private chiropractic clinics specializing in the treatment of scoliosis were asked to participate in a prospective study regarding the side-effects of the chiropractic treatment of scoliosis; 9 agreed to participate...

BACKGROUND: Many reports had been received on the application of antifibrinolytic medications on spinal corrective surgery and the surgical outcome evaluations of its efficacy on reducing blood loss. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing operative blood loss during posterior spinal fusion for the treatment of severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 90 (TXA = 55, Control = 35) AIS girls undergoing posterior spinal surgery...

BACKGROUND: In North America, care recommendations for adolescents with small idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves include observation or bracing. Schroth scoliosis-specific exercises have demonstrated promising results on various outcomes in uncontrolled studies. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to determine the effect of Schroth exercises combined with the standard of care on quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes and back muscle endurance (BME) compared to standard of care alone in patients with AIS...

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this research was to develop a new method for differentiating between scoliotic and healthy subjects by analysing the curvatures of their spines in the cranio-caudal view. METHODS: The study included 247 subjects with physiological curvatures of the spine and 28 subjects with clinically confirmed scoliosis. The curvature of the spine was determined by a computer analysis of the surface of the back, measured with a non-invasive, 3D, laser-triangulation system...

BACKGROUND: The gold standard iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) used to achieve arthrodesis in spinal fusions is not without complications (donor-site morbidity, iliac wing fractures etc.…). Our objectives were to evaluate the role of silicated calcium phosphate (SiCaP), an osteoconductive synthetic bone graft substitute in conjunction with locally harvested autologous bone in achieving arthrodesis following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and report clinic-radiological results / adverse events with its use in a prospective single surgeon case series (Level of evidence [LoE] IV) treated by low implant density index (IDI) constructs (i...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The publication of research in the field of conservative treatment of scoliosis is increasing after a long period of progressive decline. In 2014, three high quality and scientifically sound papers gave new strength to the conservative scoliosis approach. The efficacy of treatment over observation was demonstrated by two RCTs for bracing, and one for scoliosis-specific exercises provided by a physical therapist. It is difficult to design strong studies in this field due to the long time needed for follow up and the challenge of recruiting patients and families willing to be involved in the decision process...

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis fusion surgery is generally considered the only means to stop the progression of adult idiopathic scoliosis (ADIS), but for patients refusing surgery there is lack of evidence in favour of conservative treatment. The aim of the present study was to verify the possible effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises when facing ADIS progression. METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study. We included 34 ADIS patients in treatment at our Institute (5 males and 29 females, mean age was 38...

BACKGROUND: Data comparing different braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are scant. The SRS criteria represent some guidelines for comparing results from different studies, but controlled studies are much more reliable. Recently, super-rigid braces have been introduced in clinical practice with the aim of replacing Risser and EDF casts. The aim of the present study is to compare the short-term radiographic results of two super-rigid braces, the ART and the SPORT (Sforzesco) brace...

BACKGROUND: Since 1962 to the mid eighties the Harrington Rod instrumentation was the Golden standard for surgical treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). The Boston braces were introduced in the 1970´s and are still used as a conservative treatment, for curves less than 40°. Very few long-term studies exists, focusing on the health related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term health related outcome, in a cohort of AIS patients, treated 25 years ago...

BACKGROUND: Degenerative disc disease is a common cause of chronic and disabling back pain that requires surgical intervention, posterolateral and posterior instrumental fixation (PLF), posterior lumber interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF) are the techniques used to deal with such a problem. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcome of the variable surgical techniques used to deal with Lumber degenerative disc disease and to recommend the technique of choice...

Several authors have confirmed that 27 to 38 % of AIS patients had osteopenia. But few studies have assessed bone metabolism in AIS. This study assessed bone mineral density and bone metabolism in AIS patients using the bone metabolism markers, BAP and TRAP5b. The subjects were 49 consecutive adolescent AIS patients seen at our institutes between March 2012 and September 2013. Sixty-five percent of AIS patients had osteopenia or osteoporosis and 59 % of AIS patients had high values for TRAP5b. The AIS patients with high values of TRAP5b had lower Z scores than those with normal values of TRAP5b...

BACKGROUND: The spinal curvature in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) causes an asymmetry of upper body postural alignment, which might affect postural balance. However, the currently available studies on balance in AIS patients are not consistent. Furthermore, it is not known whether potential deficits are similar between patients with single and double curves. Finally, the effects of a corrective posterior spinal fusion on postural balance have not yet been well established...