Recent Patents on Anti-infective Drug Discovery

AIM: To prepare a class of oleanolic-based compounds. BACKGROUND: Conventional drugs used to treat infectious diseases suffer from limitations such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. The resistance of microbes to antimicrobial agents is a significant challenge in treating microbial infections. Combining two or more drugs with different modes of action to treat microbial infections results in a delay in developing drug resistance by the microbes. However, it is challenging to select the appropriate choice of drugs for combination therapy due to the differences in stability and pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs...

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this study,S...

AIM: This study tries to prospect for new antimicrobial agents using some Nigerian plants Background: Antimicrobial compounds from fungi endophytes have shown great promise in mitigating the threats of resistant pathogens. OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial property of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from Newbouldia laevis and Cassia tora leaves. METHODS: Ten endophytic fungi were isolated from the two plants' leaves and later fermented on local rice for 21 days...

AIM: To formulate and preliminary evaluated polysaccharide based mucoadhesive floating tablets of Cinnarizine. BACKGROUND: Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems has proved to be a successful approach to enhance the gastric residence with site specific targeting for achieving local or generalized effect. Various patents has also been filed globally employing gastro-retentive approach. OBJECTIVE: The study is designed to explore the mucoadhesive and low density characteristics of corn fibre gum (CFG) for preparation of gastro-retentive floating tablets of cinnarizine...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous candidiasis is a deep-seated skin fungal infection that is most commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. This fungal infection is conventionally treated with various formulations like gels and creams which are having different side effects and least therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it becomes necessary to develop a novel carrier system for the treatment of this deep-seated skin fungal infection. Econazole nitrate is the most widely used antifungal for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, therefore, in present research work we developed and evaluated econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis through transdermal route...

BACKGROUND: Acne is a skin infection of skin, occurs in both men and women during their life span. There are various natural or synthetic products available in the market to prevent and cure this disease. INTRODUCTION: The majority of the world population depends on the herbs or natural resources for the relief in acne disease. These are used to lessen the cost of treatment and side effects of synthetic analogs. METHODOLOGY: We have explored the various authentic web resources to compile information regarding different patented and marketed herbal formulations for acne treatment...

An infectious disease of colon, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) is hitherto considered insurmountable leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Gut dysbiosis, generally resulting from frequent use of antibiotics is considered to be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of rCDI. Ironically, the conventional treatment strategies for the disease also include the use of anti-infective drugs such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomycin. As a result of the efforts to overcome the limitations of these treatment options to control recurrence of disease, Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) has emerged as an effective and safe alternative...

Coronavirus disease is a potentially deadly disease and of significant apprehension for global communal health potentially because of its lethality. Vaccines and antiviral medications are still under trial to prevent or treat infections of human coronavirus (HCoV) till date. The virus HCoV originate in 2003, SARS-CoV, which causes respiratory syndrome having distinctive pathogenesis and causes infections of the respiratory tract. A mechanism was projected for the evolution of SARS virus and a handy association with bats was found...

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a highly infectious multi-systemic zoonosis, and it is caused by Gram-negative bacteria, Brucella. Despite the low incidence of neurobrucellosis, it is the most dangerous consequence of brucellosis. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old Sudanese male patient presented to our hospital with a complaint of fever associated with confusion for three days. He had signs of meningeal irritation in the form of neck stiffness, positive Kernig's, and Lesage's sign...

BACKGROUND: The global outbreak of COVID-19 incepted in Wuhan, China in the late 2019. It is still unclear about the origin of the infection. Over time, it has migrated geographically to 150 countries in the world and World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the infectious disease to be pandemic. OBJECTIVE: Recently, COVID-19 has stepped into India by the travellers from other countries. The transmissibility and epidemicity of COVID-19 in India is exponential...

BACKGROUND: On 11st-March 2020, WHO announced novel coronavirus infectious (COVID-19) as a pandemic. A new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) that emerge on 31 December 2019 from China and quickly became a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In the absence of evidence based proven prophylactic or therapeutic options, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) patened as first line choice in COVID-19 treatment, which raised concerns about drug poisoning especially ocular toxicity...

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a deadly disease. It is mostly treated using 4-aminoquinoline derivatives such as chloroquine etc. because it is well tolerated, display low toxicity and after administration, it is rapidly absorbed. The combination of 4-aminoquinoline with other classes of antimalarial drugs has been reported to be an effective approach for the treatment of malaria. Furthermore, some patents reported hybrids 4-aminoquinolines containing ferrocene moiety with potent antimalarial activity...

BACKGROUND: Studies showed that biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have a number of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial ones. OBJECTIVE: The present investigation assesses the efficacy of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as a new patent against latent toxoplasmosis in mice model. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were orally treated with SeNPs at the doses of 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg once a day for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii...

To date, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) has infected millions of individuals worldwide. This virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has led to numerous deaths worldwide. A large percentage of infected patients present asymptomatically, augmenting the spread of the virus. Symptomatic COVID-19 commonly causes mild to severe respiratory disease and fever, but some individuals experience serious complications resulting in death. Immune compromised, high risk, and elderly individuals are at an increased risk of more severe consequences of the illness such as respiratory failure, organ dysfunction, and shock...

AIM: To design controlled release topical delivery of mupirocin for the treatment of skin infection. BACKGROUND: Mupirocin is an antibacterial drug. Mupirocin works to kill the bacteria, which include strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is also used for the treatment of inflammation of a hair follicle. The half-life of mupirocin is only 20-40 min. It has very slight solubility in water. Patent literature had shown work on ointment, antibiotic composition, nasal and topical composition...

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris a chronic disease which is caused by blockage of the sebaceous gland is commonly seen in almost every human being at some point in their lives. There are 20-25% chances of progression of acne to severe cases, which leads to permanent scarring that results in psychological problems like depression, social isolation, lowered self-esteem, and lowered self-confidence. OBJECTIVE: Though several conventional treatments are available in the market but still there are various adverse effects associated with topical anti-acne agents due to which it lacks patient compatibility...

BACKGROUND: Microbial resistance to antibiotics and their adverse effects related to these antibiotics are the matter of global public health in 21th century. Emergence of drug resistant strains has interested the scientists to find the new antimicrobial agents among the medicinal plant's essential oil. METHODS: Anti-mycobacterial effects of Trachyspermum copticum and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils were assessed against multi-drug resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium fortuitum and standard strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by a Broth micro-dilution method...

INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the research was to develop, optimize and characterize tobramycin sulphate loaded chitosan nanoparticles based gel in order to ameliorate its therapeutic efficacy, precorneal residence time, stability, targeting and to provide controlled release of drug. METHODS: Box-Behnken design was used to optimize formulation by 3-factors (chitosan, STPP and tween 80) and 3-levels. Developed formulation was subjected for characterizations such as shape and surface morphology, zeta potential, particle size, in-vitro drug release studies, entrapment efficiency of drug , visual inspection, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, ex-vivo transcorneal permeation studies, ocular tolerance test, antimicrobial studies, isotonicity evaluation and histopathology studies...

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic resistance and extensive use of antibiotics is one of the major causes of failure in antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and to identify resistance genes of quinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli. There are very few patents on E. coli isolated from colorectal cancer. So, this study demonstrated that some bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin are not present resistance genes. As well as, new patterns for E...

BACKGROUND: Wolbachia is the most common endosymbiotic bacteria in insect-borne parasites and it is the most common reproductive parasite in the world. Wolbachia has been found worldwide in numerous arthropod and parasite species, including: insects, terrestrial isopods, spiders, mites and filarial nematodes. There is a complicated relationship between Wolbachia and its hosts and in some cases, they create a mutual relationship instead of a parasitic relationship. Some species are not able to reproduce in the absence of infection with Wolbachia...