Obesity

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth)-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in postpartum weight and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure [BP], lipids, and hemoglobin A1c) over 12 months. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 300 African American postpartum people with overweight and obesity enrolled in Philadelphia Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics was conducted. Participants were randomized to usual WIC care (n = 151) or a 12-month mHealth-delivered intervention (n = 149) comprising behavior change goals, interactive self-monitoring text messages, and counseling support...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution. METHODS: We studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses...

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) pathophysiology in patients with obesity may be distinct. To study these features, we identified obesity-related biomarkers from 4210 circulating proteins in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and examined associations of these proteins with HF prognosis and biological mechanisms. METHODS: In 373 patients with trimonthly blood sampling during a median follow-up of 2.1 (25th-75th percentile: 1.1-2.6) years, we applied an aptamer-based multiplex approach measuring 4210 proteins in baseline samples and the last two samples before study end...

OBJECTIVE: Induction of browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) increases energy expenditure and may be an attractive target for the treatment of obesity. Since activation of Fas (CD95) induces pathways known to blunt expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), we hypothesized that Fas expression in adipocytes inhibits WAT browning and thus contributes to the development of obesity. METHODS: Adipocyte-specific Fas knockout (FasΔadipo ) and control littermate (FasF/F ) mice were fed a regular chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Early screening prevents chronic diseases by identifying at-risk adolescents through anthropometric measurements, but predictive value in diverse groups is uncertain. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 12- to 19-year-old individuals from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) assessed the predictive ability of BMI percentile, total body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) for four cardiometabolic risk factors across race and ethnicity groups using receiver operating characteristic curves...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine a dopaminergic circuit required for diet-induced obesity in mice. METHODS: We created conditional deletion mutants for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) using neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1) Cre and other Cre drivers and measured feeding and body weight on standard and high-fat diets. We then used an adeno-associated virus to selectively restore TH to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) Ntsr1 neurons in conditional knockout (cKO) mice...

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies have suggested associations of birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with thyroid function or diseases. However, the causal relationships remain unclear due to residual confounding inherent in conventional epidemiological studies. METHODS: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships of genetically predicted birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with a range of clinically relevant thyroid outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to: 1) test for the link between snack choices and BMI using a novel sensory-based classification method; and 2) elucidate the role of gustatory sensitivity in orienting snack choices. METHODS: The study employed a dual approach involving sensory and nutritional assessments. Ninety-eight European male individuals were tested for gustatory sensitivities to sweetness, saltiness, umami, and lipid perception. Participant food intake was measured over 4 days...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the existence of the obesity paradox in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: This was a multicentric retrospective cohort study including individuals aged 18 years or older admitted to the intensive care unit with SARS-CoV-2. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analyses were conducted to assess the association between BMI and mortality...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how short-term changes (1-, 3-, and 5-year) in obesity measures affect mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data from the MJ Health Centre (n = 43,304 for the 1-year study; 24,295 for the 3-year study; 16,138 for the 5-year study) with median follow-up periods of 15.8, 13.9, and 12.3 years, respectively. Associations of short-term obesity indices changes with mortality and Framingham Risk Score changes were explored using time-dependent coefficient Cox regression models, restricted cubic splines, and multivariable linear regression models...

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to parse out the role of changing environments on body composition, total energy expenditure, and physical activity in the Mexican Pima, a population experiencing rapid industrialization. METHODS: Using doubly labeled water, we compared energy expenditure and physical activity in a longitudinal cohort of Mexican Pima (n = 26; female: 12) in 1995 and 2010. Body mass and composition were assessed by bioimpedance analysis. To determine the effects of environmental factors on body weight independent of age, we compared the 1995 longitudinal cohort with an age- and sex-matched cross-sectional cohort (n = 26) in 2010...

Targeting the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) is a clinically validated antiobesity therapeutic approach. The only such drug approved, rimonabant, was launched in 2006 in Europe but subsequently rejected by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007. The FDA cited the increased risk of suicidality in its opposition to rimonabant's approval, leading to the drug's eventual worldwide withdrawal and the abandonment of this class of therapeutics. Seventeen years later, a new class of CB1-targeting drugs is emerging, but the impact of the 2007 FDA decision remains a formidable obstacle to its clinical development...

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OBJECTIVE: The increasing prevalence of and inequities in childhood obesity demand improved access to effective treatment. The SmartMoves curriculum used in Bright Bodies, a proven-effective, intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), was disseminated to ≥30 US sites from 2003 to 2018. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of IHBLT implementation/sustainment. METHODS: We surveyed and interviewed key informants about experiences acquiring/implementing SmartMoves...

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery reduces sweet-liking, but mechanisms remain unclear. We examined related brain responses. METHODS: A total of 24 nondiabetic bariatric surgery and 21 control participants with normal weight to overweight were recruited for an observational controlled cohort study. They underwent sucrose taste testing outside the scanner followed by stimulation with 0.40M and 0.10M sucrose compared with water during functional magnetic resonance imaging...

OBJECTIVE: Rare cases of monogenic obesity, which may respond to specific therapeutics, can remain undetected in populations in which polygenic obesity is prevalent. This study examined rare DNA variation in established monogenic obesity genes within a community using whole-exome sequence data from 6803 longitudinally studied individuals. METHODS: Exome data across 15 monogenic obesity genes were analyzed for nonsynonymous variants observed in any child with a maximum BMI z score > 2 (N = 279) but not observed in a child with a maximum BMI z score ≤ 0 (n = 1542) or that occurred in adults in the top 5th percentile of BMI (n = 263) but not in adults below the median BMI (n = 2629)...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to project the cost-effectiveness of implementing the Healthy Weight Clinic (HWC), a primary care-based intervention for 6- to 12-year-old children with overweight or obesity, at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) nationally. METHODS: We estimated intervention costs from a health care sector and societal perspective and used BMI change estimates from the HWC trial. Our microsimulation of national HWC implementation among all FQHCs from 2023 to 2032 estimated cost per child and per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and projected impact on obesity prevalence by race and ethnicity...