Obesity

Research shows that a diverse faculty improves academic, clinical, and research outcomes in higher education. Despite that, persons in minority groups, usually categorized by race or ethnicity, are underrepresented in academia (URiA). The Nutrition Obesity Research Centers (NORCs), supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, hosted workshops on five separate days in September and October 2020. NORCs convened these workshops to identify barriers and facilitators for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and provide specific recommendations to improve DEI within obesity and nutrition for individuals from URiA groups...

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic reprogramming is a main feature of proinflammatory macrophage polarization, a process that leads to inflammation in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Therefore, the study aim was to explore whether sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, participates in this pathophysiological process. METHODS: Macrophage-specific Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-MKO) mice and wild-type littermates were treated with a high-fat diet. Body weight, glucose tolerance, and inflammation were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to address the absence of evidence-based weight-control programs developed for use with Deaf people. METHODS: Community-based participatory research informed the design of the Deaf Weight Wise (DWW) trial and intervention. DWW focuses primarily on healthy lifestyle and weight through change in diet and exercise. The study enrolled 104 Deaf adults aged 40 to 70 years with BMI of 25 to 45 from community settings in Rochester, New York, and randomized participants to immediate intervention (n = 48) or 1-year delayed intervention (n = 56)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Alterations in the hepatic lipidome are a crucial factor involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and hepatic profile of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in patients with different stages of NAFLD. METHODS: This was a case-control study performed in 27 patients without NAFLD, 49 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 17 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by liver biopsies...

OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to examine the relationships between longitudinal dietary trajectories from early pregnancy to 3 years post delivery and adiposity measures in women with obesity. METHODS: The diets of 1208 women with obesity in the UPBEAT (UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial) study were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 15+0 to 18+6 weeks' gestation (baseline), 27+0 to 28+6 weeks' gestation, and 34+0 to 36+0 weeks' gestation, as well as 6 months and 3 years post delivery...

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of semaglutide on body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors, and glycemic status in individuals categorized by baseline BMI with or without additional obesity-related comorbidities, including prediabetes and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: This was a post hoc exploratory subgroup analysis of the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) 1 trial (NCT03548935), in which participants without diabetes and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 , or BMI ≥27 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight-related comorbidity, were randomized to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2...

OBJECTIVE: Liver fat associates with obesity-related metabolic disturbances and may precede incident diseases. Metabolomic profiles of liver fat in the UK Biobank were investigated. METHODS: Regression models assessed the associations between 180 metabolites and proton density liver fat fraction (PDFF) measured 5 years later through magnetic resonance imaging, as the difference (in SD units) of each log metabolite measure with 1-SD higher PDFF among those without chronic disease and not taking statins, and by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Adaptive thermogenesis (AT) is the mass-independent decrease in energy expenditure (EE) in response to caloric restriction and weight loss. AT becomes manifest throughout all periods of weight loss and persists during subsequent weight maintenance. AT occurs in resting and nonresting energy expenditure as ATREE and ATNREE , respectively. ATREE appears in different phases of weight loss, each with likely different mechanisms. By contrast, during weight maintenance after weight loss, ATNREE exceeds ATREE . Some of the mechanisms of AT are known now and others are not...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) across racial/ethnic groups in 3702 pregnant people at 6 to 15 and 22 to 31 weeks gestational age, examine whether BMI modifies the association between race/ethnicity and SDB, and investigate whether interventions to reduce weight might reduce racial/ethnic disparities in SDB. METHODS: Differences by race/ethnicity in SDB prevalence and severity were quantified via linear, logistic, or quasi-Poisson regression...

OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the effect of hypothetical interventions of higher and lower frequency of breakfast and post-dinner snack consumption (breakfast consumption 0-4 vs. 5-7 times/week and post-dinner snack consumption 0-2 vs. 3-7 times/week) on changes in body weight and composition over 18 months after a successful 6-month standard behavioral weight-loss program. METHODS: The study analyzed data from the Innovative Approaches to Diet, Exercise and Activity (IDEA) study...

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a heterogeneous condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk. There is growing evidence from experimental, translational, and clinical investigations that has suggested that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with prevalent and incident components of MS and MS itself. The biological plausibility is supportive, primarily related to one of the main features of OSA, namely intermittent hypoxia: increased sympathetic activation with hemodynamic repercussions, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin resistance through adipose tissue inflammation, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, hyperlipidemia through the worsening of fasting lipid profiles, and the reduced clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Up to 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have pre-obesity or obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether women with PCOS have more weight-loss attempts than women without PCOS, regardless of BMI. Moreover, women's weight perceptions in relation to previous weight-loss attempts were evaluated. METHODS: A population-based birth cohort study included women with (n = 278) and without PCOS (control individuals, n = 1560) who were examined at ages 31 and 46 years with questionnaires and clinical examinations...

OBJECTIVE: Social jet lag, i.e., the discordance among social and biological rhythms, is associated with poor metabolic control. This study aimed to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among social jet lag and glycemic and metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In a prospective cohort (N = 990) with type 2 diabetes, social jet lag was measured at baseline using daily diaries and was categorized (high, moderate, or low). Metabolic outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years of follow-up...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment on heart remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: This study is a prespecified analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients with a recent diagnosis of MS and moderate-to-severe OSA to undergo continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal dilators (placebo) for 6 months. Patients were invited to perform a transthoracic echocardiogram by a single investigator blinded to treatment assignment...

OBJECTIVE: The decision to eat is often a choice made in the context of food and non-food alternatives. However, no research, to the authors' knowledge, has assessed the combination of the motivation to eat, as indexed by the relative reinforcing value of food (RRVFOOD ), and the enriched home environment, i.e., access to activities that can serve as alternatives to eating on weight gain. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to study how RRVFOOD and the enriched home environment predict percent overweight change over 2 years in 291 children aged 6 to 9 years and of varying socioeconomic status...

OBJECTIVE: In patients with obesity, use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) > 5 cm H2 O (centimeters of water) has been shown to prevent intraoperative atelectasis. This study compares the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) associated with PEEP > 5 cm H2 O and PEEP ≤ 5 cm H2 O in patients with obesity who underwent surgery under general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This study searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) using the terms "PEEP," "anesthesia," and "ventilation...