Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism

Probiotics are increasingly used to treat conditions associated with gastrointestinal injury and permeability, including exercise-induced gastrointestinal discomfort. This study assessed safety and efficacy of a probiotic in altering the intestinal milieu and mitigating gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) in endurance runners. In a double blind, crossover study, 16 runners were randomized to 4 weeks of daily supplementation with a probiotic cocktail containing Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum or placebo...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant- vs. animal-based food intake before exercise on arterial function and subsequent aerobic exercise capacity. Eleven healthy adult males (mean age, 22.6 ± 1.8 years) participated in this study. A plant- or animal-based randomized meal type crossover comparison was conducted on separate days with a uniform protein, fat, and carbohydrate balance. Both carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured as indexes of aortic and peripheral arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial function, respectively, before and at 120 min after the meal...

To protect vulnerable populations during heat waves, public health agencies recommend maintaining indoor air temperature below ~24-28°C. While we recently demonstrated that maintaining indoor temperatures ≤26°C mitigates the development of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain in older adults, the cellular consequences of prolonged indoor heat stress are poorly understood. We therefore evaluated the cellular stress response in 16 adults (6 females) aged 66-78 years during 8 hours rest in ambient conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control) and 26°C (indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies), as well as non-air-conditioned domiciles during hot weather and heat waves (31 and 36°C, respectively; all 45% relative humidity)...

Alima, Perinatal Social Nutrition Centre, is an established community organization that adopts a perinatal social nutrition approach to provide multidimensional support to women living in vulnerable conditions, particularly those with a precarious migratory status. This study aims to (a) determine which maternal characteristics, pregnancy-related variables, and structural features of the Alima intervention are associated with breastfeeding; and (b) examine whether the association between attending breastfeeding workshops and breastfeeding characteristics differ according to maternal factors...

This manuscript represents the second phase of a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of knee joint immobilization and retraining on muscle strength and mass. In phase 2, we examined sex differences in the recovery of multiple indices of muscle quality after a resistance training-based rehabilitation program. Following one week of immobilization, 27 participants (16 males, 11 females) exhibiting weakness underwent twice weekly resistance training sessions designed to re-strengthen their left knee...

This study examined whether Indigenous people could achieve the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) recommendations for adults while engaging in the cultural practice of hunting. It was hypothesized that Indigenous hunters would achieve or surpass the physical activity thresholds set forth by the CPAG on days spent hunting. Step count and heart rate were recorded from six male participants during mule deer hunts and days spent on-reserve. Step count was not statistically different between days spent hunting (28803 ± 10657 steps) and on-reserve (15086 ± 7536 steps) (p = 0...

Some individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who engage in exercise will not experience the anticipated improvements in glycemic control, referred to as non-responders. Increasing exercise intensity may improve the proportion of individuals who become responders. The objectives were to: 1) Identify responders and non-responders based on changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM following 16 weeks of aerobic exercise; 2) Investigate if increasing exercise intensity enhances the responders' status for individuals not previously responding favourably to the intervention...

Low-volume interval training has been demonstrated to improve indices of 24-hr glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with or at risk for metabolic diseases. Nonetheless, there are inconsistencies in the literature with respect to the effects of interval exercise on 24-hr glycemia, which may partly result from different nutritional conditions and/or controls adopted across various studies. This current opinion aims to provide a concise overview of the effects of acute and chronic interval exercise on 24-hr glycemic control, while also describing how nutrition can influence and modify these responses...

We evaluated changes in hyperhydration and beverage hydration index (BHI, a composite measure of fluid balance after consuming a test beverage relative to water) during resting, induced by the consumption of beverages containing glycerol and sodium supplemented with fast-absorbing sucrose or slow-absorbing isomaltulose. In a randomized crossover, single-blinded protocol (clinical trials registry: UMIN000042644), fourteen young physically active adults (3 women) consumed 1 L of beverage containing either 7% glycerol + 0...

Although disease-associated undernutrition is still an important problem in hospitalized children that is often under-recognized, follow-up studies evaluating post-discharge nutritional status of children with undernutrition are lacking. The aim of this multicentre prospective observational cohort-study was to assess the rate of acute undernutrition (AU) and/or having a high nutritional risk (HR) in children on admission to seven secondary-care level Dutch hospitals and to evaluate the nutritional course of AU/HR group during admission and post-discharge...

This study investigated the effects of a high carbohydrate diet, with varied fermentable oligo- di- mono- saccharide and polyol (FODMAP) content, before endurance exercise on gastrointestinal integrity, motility, and symptoms; and subsequent exercise performance. Twelve endurance athletes were provided with a 48-h high carbohydrate (mean±SD: 12.1±1.8g·kgˑday-1) diet on two separate occasions, composed of high (54.8±10.5g·day-1) and low FODMAP (3.0±0.2g·day-1) content...

Sarcopenia was recently reported to be relevant to an increased macro-and microvascular disease risk. Sarcopenia index (SI) has been identified as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between macro- and microvascular disease and SI in patients with T2DM. A total of 783 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The SI was calculated by (serum creatinine [mg/dL]/cystatin C [mg/L]) ×100. The subjects were divided into three groups according to SI tertiles: T1 (41...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether early-life exposure to the Great Famine of 1959-1961 in China was associated with the risk of digestive system cancer. METHODS: The prospective cohort study involved 17,997 participants from the Kailuan Study (Tangshan, China) that began in 2006. All participants were divided into three groups based on their date of birth. The unexposed group (born from October 1, 1962, to September 30, 1964), fetal-exposed group (born from October 1, 1959, to December 30, 1961), and early-childhood-exposed group (born from October 1, 1956, to December 30, 1958)...

There is concern that during a low risk pregnancy, women are consuming more than recommended (400 μg/day) supplemental folic acid and may not meet recommendations for other nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine folic acid supplement use and dietary folate intakes in the second trimester (week 18) of pregnancy in women (n=2996) in the Canadian CHILD cohort study. Vitamin B12 and choline intakes were also assessed because they are metabolically related to folate.. The majority of participants (71...

Exposure to high altitude might cause the body to adapt with negative energy and fluid balance that compromise body composition and physical performance. In this field study involving 12 healthy adults, sex-balanced, aged 29±4 years with a body mass index 21.6±1.8 kg/m2, we investigated the effects fo a 4-day trekking up to 4556 m a.s.l. on Monte Rosa (Alps, Italy). The food intake was recorded using food diaries and nutrients averages were calculated. The bio-impedance analysis was performed at low and high altitude, and a wearable biosensor (Swemax) was used to track hydro-saline losses in 2 participants...

One in three hospitalized children have disease related malnutrition (DRM) upon admission to hospital, and all children are at risk for further nutritional deterioration during hospital stay, however, systematic approaches to detect DRM in Canada are lacking. To standardise and improve hospital care, the multidisciplinary pediatric working group of the Canadian Malnutrition Taskforce aimed to develop a pediatric, inpatient nutritional care pathway based on available evidence, feasibility of resources, and expert consensus...

Historical factors including colonization and ongoing socioeconomic inequities impact Indigenous Peoples' ability to mitigate chronic disease risks such as achieving recommended physical activity (PA) levels. Reliably assessing, reflecting, and promoting PA participation among Indigenous Peoples may be impacted by a lack of culturally appropriate assessment methods and meaningful engagement with Indigenous communities throughout the research process. The objectives of this scoping review were to examine: (1) How PA research with Indigenous Peoples used community-specific PA measures developed with and/or for Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand and, (2) How the studies utilized community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles to engage communities...

Historically, the constructs of inclusion, diversity, equity, and access (IDEA) have not been sufficiently considered or included in population health nutrition research and practice. Consequently, current nutrition assessment benchmarks and knowledge translation tools may not accurately or adequately reflect diversity in the Canadian population or produce meaningful dietary guidance. The purpose of this current opinion paper is to introduce the population health nutrition research and practice framework and explore the current application of IDEA within this framework...