International Journal of Obesity

BACKGROUND: Despite an increasing number of smartphone applications (apps) addressing weight management, data on the effect of app-based multimodal obesity treatment approaches on weight loss is limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of a digital multimodal weight loss intervention program delivered by an app on body weight in persons with obesity. METHODS: For this single-centre randomized controlled study, 168 adults with a body mass index (BMI) between 30...

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INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with alterations in cardiac structure and haemodynamics leading to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Culminating evidence suggests improvement of cardiac structure and function following bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and function in patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting pre- and postoperative cardiac structure and function parameters on cardiac imaging in patients undergoing bariatric surgery...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a common disease with a higher prevalence among African Americans. Obesity alters cellular function in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, and is a risk factor for many life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The similarities and differences in molecular mechanisms that may explain ethnic disparities in obesity between African and European ancestry individuals have not been studied. METHODS: In this study, data from transcriptome-wide analyses on skeletal muscle tissues from well-powered human cohorts were used to compare genes and biological pathways affected by obesity in European and African ancestry populations...

BACKGROUND: The Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) is related to both body mass index (BMI) and hyperuricemia. However, the association among BMI, hyperuricemia and DII is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of BMI in the relationship between E-DII and hyperuricemia in the American population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2016, with a sample size of 10,571 participants...

Fructose overconsumption is a worldwide trend, and it has been found to cause metabolic disorders in parents and their offspring. Additionally, metabolic syndrome has been closely associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we hypothesized that the chronic fructose consumption by parents could trigger autonomic dysfunction and cardiometabolic disorders in their offspring. Wistar rats undergo an intake of 10% of fructose in drinking water or regular water for 60 days before mating. Their offspring, control (C) and fructose (F) groups, were evaluated 30 days after weaning...

This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of three forms of intermittent energy restriction (IER), including alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted feeding (TRF), in overweight or obese adults. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until August 10, 2022. The modified Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of eligible studies...

BACKGROUND: Both genetic and epigenetic variations of GLP1R influence the development and progression of obesity. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to explore the mediation roles of obesity-related methylation sites in GLP1R gene variants-obesity association. METHODS: A total of 300 Chinese adult participants were included in this study and classified into two groups: 180 metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) cases and 120 metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW) controls...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease in which the accumulation of excess body fat has adverse health effects, as it can increase the risk of several problems, including infertility, in both men and women. Obesity and infertility have risen together in recent years. Against this background, the present review aims to highlight the impact of obesity on infertility and the underlying pathophysiology of obesity-related infertility (ORI) in men and women, and to provide readers with knowledge of current trends in the effective development of phytotherapeutics for its treatment...

BACKGROUND: The Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) allows students, researchers, and patients in the medical field to access information easily and has gained attention nowadays. We aimed to evaluate the credibility of ChatGPT according to the guidelines for the assessment of obesity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is one of the major concerns of this century. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this cross-sectional non-human subject study, experienced endocrinologists posed 20 questions to ChatGPT in subsections, which were assessments and different treatment options for obesity according to the American Diabetes Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinology guidelines...

BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people without traditional CVD risk factors is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of obesity with CVD and its subtypes in people without traditional CVD risk factors. METHODS: Based on the Kailuan cohort study, the included participants were divided into different groups according to levels of body mass index (BMI) and waist height ratio (WHtR), respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations...

BACKGROUND: Obesity poses a significant public health challenge. Research has examined the impact of cannabis and subproducts on health but varying results have hindered a consensus. AIM: This study aimed to evaluated the effects of cannabis and subproducts on body measurements. METHODS: For searching randomized controlled trials evaluating cannabis and/or subproducts use and changes in anthropometric measures, a systematic search at MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted until March 2023...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity rates have increased in recent years. The effectiveness of future public health interventions to reduce childhood obesity will be enhanced by a better understanding of behavioral factors that influence adiposity in children as they transition from childhood to adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine whether initial weight status modifies the longitudinal associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with changes in adiposity over time...

BACKGROUND: Comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are associated with COVID-19 development and severity, probably due to immune dysregulation; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not clear. The immune signatures of hypertensive patients with obesity with COVID-19 may provide new insight into the mechanisms of immune dysregulation and progression to severe disease in these patients. METHODS: Hypertensive patients were selected prospectively from a multicenter registry of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and stratified according to obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)...

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery not always results in satisfactory excess weight loss (EWL) in severe obesity. Given the economic and clinical costs of bariatric surgery failure, defining predictors of successful EWL represents a relevant clinical issue for the health system to select patients benefiting from operation. METHODS: By ELISA and Western blot analyses, we assessed the predicting value of pre-operative adiponectin (APN) locally produced in abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue versus plasma levels as a novel sex-linked biomarker of EWL at different time points of follow up (6-24 months) after bariatric surgery in 43 patients (56% females) affected by severe obesity undergoing a small pilot observational study...

BACKGROUND: The Financial Incentives for Weight Reduction (FIReWoRk) clinical trial showed that financial incentive weight-loss strategies designed using behavioral economics were more effective than provision of weight-management resources only. We now evaluate cost-effectiveness. METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multisite randomized trial enrolling 668 participants with obesity living in low-income neighborhoods. Participants were randomized to (1) goal-directed incentives (targeting behavioral goals), (2) outcome-based incentives (targeting weight-loss), and (3) resources only, which were provided to all participants and included a 1-year commercial weight-loss program membership, wearable activity monitor, food journal, and digital scale...

INTRODUCTION: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially obesogenic for children. We undertook a systematic review to synthesize this literature and explore sources of heterogeneity in previously published epidemiological studies. METHODS: Studies that collected individual-level PFAS and anthropometric data from children up to 12 years of age were identified by searching six databases. We excluded studies that only evaluated obesity measures at the time of birth...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with sepsis and can increase the risk of stroke and mortality. Data on the impact of severe obesity on the outcomes of sepsis complicated by AF remains poorly understood. METHODS: National Inpatient Sample (2018) and ICD-10 CM codes were used to identify the principal sepsis admissions with AF. We assessed comorbidities and outcomes of sepsis in people without obesity (BMI < 30) vs...

BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to systemic proinflammatory characteristics, and measuring it accurately usually requires sophisticated instruments. This study aimed to estimate VAT applying a simpler method that uses total subcutaneous fat and total body fat (BF) measurements. METHOD: As part of our experimental approach, the subcutaneous fat mass (SFT) was measured via US (SFTtotal ), and VAT was quantified by assessing MRI data. Both parameters were added to obtain total body fat (BFcalc )...

OBJECTIVE: The prospective association between vitamin D and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a major circulating form of vitamin D, and new-onset OSA, and examine the modifying effect of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 444,975 participants from UK Biobank without prior OSA. The primary outcome was new-onset OSA. RESULTS: During a median follow-up duration of 12...