journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487080/general-gratitude-and-gratitude-to-god-associations-with-personality-and-well-being
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David B Newman, John B Nezlek, Louis Tay
A growing body of research has focused on distinguishing general forms of gratitude from gratitude to God. We contributed to this area of research by examining correlates of personality traits and meaning in life in a cross-sectional study ( N = 1,398). General gratitude was more strongly positively related to honesty-humility, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and meaning in life than gratitude to God. Moreover, gratitude to God moderated the positive relationship between general gratitude and meaning in life such that the relationship was stronger at lower than higher levels of gratitude to God...
2024: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37378047/effects-of-induced-optimism-on-subjective-states-physical-activity-and-stress-reactivity
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruijia Chen, Kareena Del Rosario, Alee Lockman, Julia Boehm, Kelb Bousquet Santos, Erika Siegel, Wendy Berry Mendes, Laura D Kubzansky
This study examined effects of experimentally-induced optimism on physical activity and stress reactivity with community volunteers. Using an intervention to induce short-term optimism, we conducted two harmonized randomized experiments, performed simultaneously at separate academic institutions. All participants were randomized to either the induced optimism intervention or to a neutral control activity using essay-writing tasks. Physical activity tasks (Study 1) and stress-related physiologic responses (Study 2) were assessed during lab visits...
2023: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34887936/loved-and-lost-or-never-loved-at-all-lifelong-marital-histories-and-their-links-with-subjective-well-being
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariah F Purol, Victor N Keller, Jeewon Oh, William J Chopik, Richard E Lucas
Marriage has been linked to higher well-being. However, previous research has generally examined marital status at one point in time or over a relatively short window of time. In order to determine if different marital histories have unique impacts on well-being in later life, we conducted a marital sequence analysis of 7,532 participants from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (54.2% women; M age = 66.68, SD = 8.50; 68.7% White/Caucasian). Three different marital sequence types emerged: a "consistently-married" group (79%), a "consistently-single" group (8%), and a "varied histories" group (13%), in which individuals had moved in and out of various relationships throughout life...
2021: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34239597/the-most-important-life-goals-of-people-with-and-without-social-anxiety-disorder-focusing-on-emotional-interference-and-uncovering-meaning-in-life
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fallon R Goodman, Todd B Kashdan
People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) display maladaptive attitudes towards emotions. In this experience-sampling study, we explored the extent to which people with SAD viewed anxiety and pain as an impediment to pursuing personal strivings and deriving meaning in life. Participants were adults diagnosed with SAD and a control comparison group who completed baseline questionnaires and daily surveys for 14 consecutive days. People with SAD perceived anxiety and pain as interfering with progress towards their strivings to a greater degree than healthy controls...
2021: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34025746/global-reports-of-well-being-overestimate-aggregated-daily-states-of-well-being
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David B Newman, Norbert Schwarz, Arthur A Stone
Researchers can characterize people's well-being by asking them to provide global evaluations of large parts of their life at one time or by obtaining repeated assessments during their daily lives. Global evaluations are reconstructions that are influenced by peak, recent, and frequently occurring states, whereas daily reports reflect naturally occurring variations in daily life. The present research compared the averages of individual global evaluations and corresponding aggregated daily states from an ordinary two-week period and used a range of well-being measures (life satisfaction, meaning in life, and affect) and related constructs (searching for meaning in life and nostalgia)...
2021: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34295357/three-good-tools-positively-reflecting-backwards-and-forwards-is-associated-with-robust-improvements-in-well-being-across-three-distinct-interventions
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathryn C Adair, Lindsay A Kennedy, J Bryan Sexton
Burnout in healthcare workers (HCWs) is costly, consequential, and alarmingly high. Many HCWs report not having enough time or opportunities to engage in self-care. Brief, engaging, evidence-based tools have unique potential to alleviate burnout and improve well-being. Three prospective cohort studies tested the efficacy of web-based interventions: Three Good Things ( n = 275), Gratitude Letter ( n = 123), and the Looking Forward Tool ( n = 123). Metrics were emotional exhaustion, depression, subjective happiness, work-life balance, emotional thriving, and emotional recovery...
2020: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33042206/medical-students-empathy-positively-predicts-charitable-donation-behavior
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen E Smith, Greg J Norman, Jean Decety
Empathy is known to motivate prosocial behavior. This relationship, however is complex and influenced by the social context and the type of prosocial behavior. Additionally, empathy is a complex psychological capacity, making it important to examine how different components of empathy influence different prosocial behaviors. The current study uses a unique longitudinal sample to assess how changes in cognitive and affective components of empathy relate to charitable giving. Measures of empathy were collected from medical students in the fall and spring of students' first three years of medical school...
2020: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32905459/who-is-most-likely-to-benefit-from-a-positive-psychological-intervention-moderator-analyses-from-a-randomized-trial-in-people-newly-diagnosed-with-hiv
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth L Addington, Elaine O Cheung, Judith T Moskowitz
The Intervention for those Recently Informed of their Seropositive Status (IRISS) and other positive psychological interventions (PPIs) have demonstrated psychological and physical health benefits. However, meta-analyses suggest that PPIs may have differential effects depending on participants' sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. We therefore examined potential moderators of effects of IRISS for adults newly diagnosed with HIV ( N =159). While IRISS had similar effects on positive emotion across most subgroups (age, race, education, stress), depression was a significant moderator for positive emotion...
2020: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32884576/skills-to-enhance-positivity-in-suicidal-adolescents-results-from-a-pilot-randomized-clinical-trial
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shirley Yen, Megan L Ranney, Maya Krek, Jessica R Peters, Ethan H Mereish, Katherine M Tezanos, Christopher W Kahler, Joel Solomon, Courtney Beard, Anthony Spirito
The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an intervention, Skills to Enhance Positivity (STEP) that aims to increase attention to positive emotions and experiences and to decrease suicidal events. STEP involves four in-person individual sessions delivered during an inpatient psychiatric admission, followed by one month of weekly phone calls and daily text messages with mood monitoring and skills practice. A pilot randomized controlled trial of STEP vs...
2020: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32477421/gratitude-conversations-an-experimental-trial-of-an-online-parenting-tool
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea M Hussong, Jennifer L Coffman, Taylor E Thomas
Gratitude is associated with a host of positive outcomes; yet, little is understood about the ways in which parents may foster gratitude in their children. The current study allows for the examination of one possible mechanism, namely parent-child conversations, that may be used to encourage gratitude in children. Using a rigorous experimental design, we tested whether an online program that was designed to enrich parents' skills in having conversations about gratitude with their children was effective in changing parents' socialization behaviors and children's gratitude...
2020: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32983245/does-timeframe-adjustment-of-the-life-orientation-test-revised-assess-optimism-as-a-state-data-from-the-peace-iii-trial-in-patients-with-heart-disease
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeff C Huffman, Sean Legler, Rachel A Millstein, Federico Gomez-Bernal, Christopher M Celano, Wei-Jean Chung, Brian C Healy
Optimism is prospectively associated with superior health outcomes in cardiac patients, making it an attractive target for well-being interventions in this population. However, optimism measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) has largely been considered a static, dispositional construct. Among 125 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome who received a positive psychology intervention, we assessed the properties of a modified LOT-R that changed the timeframe of items from general dispositional statements to queries about 'right now...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31467585/measuring-gratitude-in-children
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A M Hussong, H A Langley, T Thomas, J Coffman, A Halberstadt, P Costanzo, W A Rothenberg
Gratitude is a rich socioemotional construct that emerges over development beginning in early childhood. Existing measures of children's gratitude as a trait or behavior may be limited because they do not capture different aspects of gratitude moments (i.e., awareness, thoughts, feelings, and actions) and the way that these facets appear in children. The current study evaluates a battery of new measures assessing children's gratitude to address these limitations. Parent-child dyads ( N =101; children aged 6-9) completed a lab-based assessment followed by a 7-day online parental diary and 18-month follow-up survey...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31360213/religiously-or-spiritually-motivated-forgiveness-and-subsequent-health-and-well-being-among-young-adults-an-outcome-wide-analysis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Chen, Sion Kim Harris, Everett L Worthington, Tyler J VanderWeele
This study performs an outcome-wide analysis to prospectively examine the associations of forgiveness (including forgiveness of others, self-forgiveness and divine forgiveness) with a range of psychosocial, mental, behavioral and physical health outcomes. Data from the Nurses' Health Study II and the Growing Up Today Study (Ns ranged from 5,246 to 6,994, depending on forgiveness type and outcome) with 3 or 6 years of follow-up were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31217805/state-gratitude-for-one-s-life-and-health-after-an-acute-coronary-syndrome-prospective-associations-with-physical-activity-medical-adherence-and-re-hospitalizations
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sean R Legler, Eleanor E Beale, Christopher M Celano, Scott R Beach, Brian C Healy, Jeff C Huffman
Gratitude may be associated with beneficial health outcomes, but studies of this association have been mixed, and in these studies gratitude has often been conceptualized as a stable, unidimensional trait. We used four specific items to examine the prospective association of state- and domain-specific gratitude with medical outcomes among 152 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. State gratitude for one's health 2 weeks post-event was associated with increased physical activity (measured via accelerometer) 6 months later, controlling for relevant demographic, social, medical and psychological factors (β=340...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31182970/measuring-experiential-well-being-among-older-adults
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard E Lucas, Vicki A Freedman, Deborah Carr
Experienced well-being measures tap a distinct form of subjective well-being (SWB) and have different age-related properties than the more widely studied evaluations of life satisfaction. Unlike evaluations of the quality of life as a whole, experiential measures capture affective reactions soon after they occur. Recent advances in measurement have allowed for the inclusion of such experiential measures even in large-scale studies. However, respondent burden remains a concern; hence, surveys have also employed shorter experiential modules...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31105762/gratitude-across-the-life-span-age-differences-and-links-to-subjective-well-being
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William J Chopik, Nicky J Newton, Lindsay H Ryan, Todd B Kashdan, Aaron J Jarden
Gratitude has been described as an adaptive evolutionary mechanism that is relevant to healthy psychological and interpersonal outcomes. Questions remain as to whether the presence and benefits of gratitude are consistent from young adulthood to old age; prior research has yielded mixed evidence. We examined the magnitude and direction of age differences in gratitude in three samples (combined N = 31,206). We also examined whether gratitude was associated with greater/lesser well-being at different periods in the life course...
2019: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29276528/freedom-to-explore-the-self-how-emerging-adults-use-leisure-to-develop-identity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric K Layland, Brian J Hill, Larry J Nelson
During a period of newly attained freedom preceding commitments expected in adulthood, emerging adults are faced with the major task of identity development. Leisure provides a context with relative freedom wherein emerging adults explore new experiences and access opportunities not always available in more constrained environments like work and school. In this case study of 40 emerging adults from 18 countries ( Mage =23.14 years), qualitative interviews were used to investigate the role of leisure as a context for identity development...
2018: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28191027/is-moral-elevation-an-approach-oriented-emotion
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie Van de Vyver, Dominic Abrams
Two studies were designed to test whether moral elevation should be conceptualized as an approach-oriented emotion. The studies examined the relationship between moral elevation and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems. Study 1 ( N  = 80) showed that individual differences in moral elevation were associated with individual differences in behavioral activation but not inhibition. Study 2 ( N  = 78) showed that an elevation-inducing video promoted equally high levels of approach orientation as an anger-inducing video and significantly higher levels of approach orientation than a control video...
March 4, 2017: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28919919/fun-is-more-fun-when-others-are-involved
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Harry T Reis, Stephanie D O'Keefe, Richard D Lane
Fun activities are commonly sought and highly desired yet their affective side has received little scrutiny. The present research investigated two features of fun in two daily diary studies and one laboratory experiment. First, we examined the affective state associated with fun experiences. Second, we investigated the social context of fun, considering whether shared fun is more enjoyable than solitary fun. Findings from these studies indicated that fun is associated with both high-activation and low-activation positive affects, and that it is enhanced when experienced with others (especially friends)...
2017: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27019664/parent-child-relationships-and-offspring-s-positive-mental-wellbeing-from-adolescence-to-early-older-age
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mai Stafford, Diana L Kuh, Catharine R Gale, Gita Mishra, Marcus Richards
We examined parent-child relationship quality and positive mental well-being using Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development data. Well-being was measured at ages 13-15 (teacher-rated happiness), 36 (life satisfaction), 43 (satisfaction with home and family life) and 60-64 years (Diener Satisfaction With Life scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale). The Parental Bonding Instrument captured perceived care and control from the father and mother to age 16, recalled by study members at age 43...
May 3, 2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
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