Diagnostic Pathology

BACKGROUND: We previously reported Minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4) overexpression in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been investigated. To clarify the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in UC, we investigated MCM4 expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS: We analyzed the expression and distribution of MCM4 in 124 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) samples by IHC...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinctive tumor composed of spindle cells accompanied by mixed inflammatory cells, and immunohistochemical positivity for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein) can be detected in half of IMTs. The diagnosis of ALK-negative IMT could be a challenge. Recently, the fusions of some kinase genes, such as RET, NTRK1, ROS1, etc., are revealed in ALK-negative IMT. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old woman presented with swelling of the left upper arm...

BACKGROUND: Angiosarcoma, also known as malignant hemangioendothelioma, is a rare vasogenic malignant tumor, commonly found on the skin of the head and neck, rarely occurring in the intracranial region. As for intracranial meningeal angiosarcoma, only 8 cases have been reported before and there is no clinical study with large sample size. We report here a case of parasagittal meningeal angiosarcoma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old Chinese male patient was admitted to our hospital due to headache accompanied by bilateral lower limb weakness...

BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant tumor described in the head and neck region, especially in the gingival. We present one case arising in the gingival of right mandible, and briefly reviewed the related literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old male patient with a lesion of 3.5*2.0 cm in buccal gingival of right posterior mandible for 2 months. The tumor was composed of cartilaginous structures and myxoid matrix...

BACKGROUND: Thymic hyperplasia with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis-like features (LESA-like TH) is a rare form of thymic hyperplasia, characterized by a prominent expansion of the thymic medulla containing hyperplastic lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, while an almost total absence of thymic cortex. Since the first report in 2012, only a few cases of LESA-like TH have been reported in the literature to date. Due to the rarity of LESA-like TH and the tumor-like morphology, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as other common diseases of the thymus in routine practice, such as thymoma and lymphoma...

BACKGROUND: Extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer (PCa) on transrectal (TR) needle core biopsy (Bx) is a rare histopathological finding that can help in clinical decision-making. The detection efficiency of the transperineal (TP) approach is yet to be explored. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2848 PCa cases using concomitant systemic template biopsy (SBx) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-ultrasound fusion-targeted biopsy (TBx) using the TR (n = 1917) or TP (n = 931) approach at our institution between January 2015 and July 2022...

BACKGROUND: Liposarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor that most commonly involves the retroperitoneum and lower extremities. However, liposarcoma of esophagus has been rarely reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 46-year-old man with complaint of intermittent dysphagia for 6 years, accompanied with paroxysmal vomiting of pedicled tumor to the mouth. Imaging studies showed a huge mixed density lesion in the middle esophageal lumen...

BACKGROUND: Mixed germ cell tumors originating from the fallopian tubes are rarely reported, and high-grade rhabdomyosarcoma with differentiated components is even less common. The non-specific clinical manifestations of this tumor are prone to misdiagnosis, and there is still controversy over the treatment plan for this rare differentiated type, and there are limited reports on the prognosis of related diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report a 34-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with abdominal pain for two weeks and aggravated for two days...

Heterotopia of the salivary gland occurs mainly in the head and neck region of the human body, rarely in regions such as the rectum, but has never been demonstrated in the pancreas. Within a screening effort of pancreatic samples for detecting ΔNp63 expression, we discovered two pancreatic samples from a 35-year-old male showing salivary gland heterotopia. Immunohistochemical stainings were done for markers of healthy and neoplastic salivary glands and showed expression of calponin, CD142 and KRT14 but not of S100p, GFAP or CD117...

BACKGROUND: Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disease of the urogenital tract. There have been no reports of malakoplakia expressing anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) to date. Here, we present one case of malakoplakia with aberrant ALK expression by immunohistochemistry and discuss the clinical significance. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Chinese woman with a history of diabetes presented with solid masses in the liver and kidney and elevated lesions on the mucosal surface of the colon...

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the dominant subtype of kidney cancer. Dysregulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is strongly implicated in undesirable results in varieties of cancers. Nevertheless, the dysregulation and associated multi-omics characteristics of ACSL1 in ccRCC remain elusive. METHODS: We probed the mRNA and protein profiles of ACSL1 in RCC using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and verified them in our patient cohort and RCC cell lines...

BACKGROUND: Microcystic urothelial carcinoma (MUC) is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma with histological appearances similar to begin lesions. Thus far, approximately 50 cases have been reported. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features of MUC. METHODS: Clinical data and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected. Immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequencing were performed to detect the phenotype and TERT mutation status of MUC, respectively...

BACKGROUND: To explore the distinguishing diagnostic value and clinical application potential of deep neural networks (DNN) for pathological images of thyroid tumors. METHODS: A total of 799 pathological thyroid images of 559 patients with thyroid tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological types included papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), adenomatous goiter, adenoma, and normal thyroid gland...

BACKGROUND: Cancer progression can be promoted by chronic inflammation. Local immune response may be associated with favourable or unfavourable prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC). Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells exert opposing function and their balance may have a vital role in promotion of tumor growth. Treg cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) may promote tumor progression and reduced survival of patients. Whereas, Th17 cells can promote or inhibit tumor progression depending on phenotypic characteristics of tumor...

BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma (AME) is a benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin characterised by slow but aggressive growth, infiltration, and recurrence; it is capable of reaching large dimensions and invading adjacent structures. Stem cell research has proven to be significant in the sphere of tumour biology through these cells' possible involvement in the aetiopathogenesis of this tumour. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on AME, dentigerous cyst (DC), and dental follicle (DF) samples, and indirect immunofluorescence was performed on the AME-hTERT cell line to determine the expression of SALL4, LIN28A, and KLF4...

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a type of lung cancer, which belongs to non-small cell lung cancer and has seriously endangered the physical and mental health of people. The study of circRNAs (circRNAs) has been increasingly hot in recent years, in which circRNAs also play an important regulatory role in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological molecular mechanisms of circ_0001715 in the progression of LUAD. The expression of circ_0001715, miR-1322 and calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) in LUAD tissues and cell lines was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western bot assay...

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a low-grade salivary gland-type carcinoma. Until now, 23 cases of pulmonary HCCC have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a patient with primary pulmonary HCCC along with vocal-cord squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) revealed by biopsy examination. The patient underwent radiotherapy for vocal-cord SCC, followed by right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection 10 months later. Histology revealed polygonal cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm in the myxoid matrix together with hyaline degeneration...

BACKGROUND: This observational study aims to describe and compare histopathological, architectural, and nuclear characteristics of sebaceous lesions and utilized these characteristics to develop a predictive classification approach using machine learning algorithms. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian patients with sebaceous tumors from two hospitals between March 2015 and March 2019. Pathology slides were reviewed by two pathologists and the architectural and cytological attributes were recorded...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) causes much health and economic burden, and the therapeutic results must be improved. Glucose metabolism is an essential component of tumor metabolism and is instrumental in its development. Glucose transporter types (GLUTs) can uptake glucose from the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulating cellular metabolism in several cancers. However, the function of different GLUT proteins in HNSCC remains unclear. To clarify the role of GLUTs in HNSCC, several open-access online databases (Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER) were used to evaluate the differential expression, clinical significance, genetic alteration, and relative immune cell infiltration...

To determine the predictive indexes of late cervical lymph node metastasis in early tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 25 patients with stage I/II TSCC who had undergone surgical treatment without elective neck dissection. We evaluated the relationships between clinicopathologic factors and the occurrence of late cervical lymph node metastasis. Of the 25 cases, metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes was observed in nine cases (36.0%). The clinicopathological factors associated with late cervical lymph node metastasis were the mode of invasion (MOI, p = 0...