CytoJournal

OBJECTIVE: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytology (ASC-US) is a challenging and equivocal diagnosis for pathologists in cervical Pap smears. The data on ASC-US cervical cytology in Bahrain are deficient. This study reviewed and identified the reporting rates, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing results, histopathologic follow-up findings, and the cytologic progression of patients diagnosed with ASC-US in Bahrain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on the medical records of 23,888 women who had Pap smear test results between January 2019 and March 2022 at the main referral tertiary hospital in Bahrain to identify the ASC-US cases...

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC) are distinctive salivary gland neoplasms with characteristic histomorphology. The diagnosis of dedifferentiation/high-grade transformation (HGT) indicates poor prognosis and is most often made on histopathology. We present a case of ADCC arising from a minor salivary gland tumor exhibiting HGT, reaching up to the submandibular gland and having lymph node metastases, suspected on fine-needle aspiration cytology. The index case highlights the awareness of the entity of the HGT of salivary gland tumors and raises suspicion for cytological diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of proper collection, storage, preservation, and processing techniques is critical to ensuring proper handling and analysis of fluid cytology specimens. This study was conducted to determine the effect of anticoagulation, pre-smearing acetic acid treatment technique, and saline rehydration technique on morphological assessment, reproducibility, and reporting in fluid cytology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in the cytopathology laboratory over 2 months (April-May 2022), where 100 effusion samples were analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify differential metabolites and key metabolic pathways between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and normal lung (NL) tissues using metabolomics techniques, to discover potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with primary ground-glass nodules (GGN) identified on computed tomography imaging and who were willing to undergo surgery at Shanghai General Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were recruited to the study...

OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow cancer that profoundly affects plasma cells involved in the immune response. Myeloma cells alter the average production of cells in the bone marrow. Anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy allows genetic modifications of an individual's T-cells to increase the expression of CARs used to identify and attach BCMA proteins to the malignant cells. Our main objective is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy for MM...

OBJECTIVE: In an era of minimally invasive and rapid diagnostic technologies, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is most useful when it comes to patients with lymphadenopathies especially of the cervical region. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is an alternative processing method which is used for both gynecological and non-gynecological samples. Because of the remarkable advantages of LBC smears in gynecological samples, nowadays, many studies have been done to assess its utility in various other lesions...

OBJECTIVE: Thoracocentesis is a less invasive and expensive procedure than pleural biopsy, enabling sample collection for cytological evaluation. Cell blocks prepared from these samples provide histopathological diagnoses; further, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be performed for subtyping malignancies, guiding the clinician in choosing the appropriate treatment modality for the patient. We aimed to determine the various histological subtypes of malignancies using cell block IHC and compare the cell block and conventional cytology methods for diagnosing malignant pleural effusion...

OBJECTIVE: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) may be associated with invasive adenocarcinoma, low-grade dysplasia (LGD), or high-grade dysplasia (HGD). We aimed to review the cytologic-histologic correlation of cases with a histologic diagnosis of IPMN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A database search (January 2010-January 2021) was performed for resected IPMNs with preceding endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Cytology slides were reviewed for the presence of benign, atypical, or malignant cells, and necrosis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The most important determinant of patient outcome in cases of breast carcinoma is the regional lymph node status. Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) allows the surgeon to perform axillary lymph node dissection in the same sitting if required. The commonly performed intraoperative methods for SLN evaluation are touch imprint cytology (TIC) and frozen section. The present study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TIC with histopathological diagnosis as gold standard...

Cell blocks (CBs) are paraffin-embedded versions of cytology specimens. These versions are contrasted with tissues made from surgical pathology specimens of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. CBs enable various elective ancillary studies of a range of specimens. These studies include the potential to perform molecular tests with the enhanced cytopathological interpretation. CBs are increasingly reported in cytology specimens. The enhanced role of CBs incorporates additives with new markers for immunohistochemistry (IHC), including the multicolored approach to IHC, and the subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to review the transbronchial brushing cytology and histological specimens of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and to explore the morphological features, diagnostic pitfalls, and dilemmas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transbronchial brushing cytology and concurrent biopsy specimens obtained between July 2017 and June 2020 were reviewed. EBTB was confirmed based on the clinical response to the anti-TB treatment in addition to the positive findings of at least one of the following methods: Acid-fast bacilli stain (AFB), auramine-rhodamine stain (A-R), detection of TB bacterial DNA (TB-DNA) by polymerase chain reaction, T-cell spot test (T-spot), and typical pathologic changes of TB on cytology or bronchoscopy biopsy...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and their quality metrics in a tertiary health-care facility in the western region of Saudi Arabia and to share our data with other researchers in Saudi Arabia to potentially establish benchmark data based on a Saudi population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out by the Department of Pathology at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on Pap smear statistics for 14,376 Pap smears of both conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) between 2010 and 2022...

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse nuclear polarity (PRNRP) is an emerging oncocytic renal tumor. Cytomorphologic features of this tumor have not been described in the literature before. The objective of this study was to review the cytomorphology of a case PRNRP and compare with cytomorphologic features of papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCCs) reported in the literature. 1 case of core needle biopsy (CNB) with touch preparation (TP) of a renal mass diagnosed as PRNRP was reviewed retrospectively. Clinical presentation, cytomorphologic features, ancillary tests and histopathology results were analyzed...

OBJECTIVES: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive method for sampling a heterogenous lesion. It is one of the first-line investigations in the evaluation of soft tissue tumours. However, the heterogeneity of mesenchymal lesions pose a challenge to the cytological diagnosis. The present study aims at evaluation of the cytomorphological findings of mesenchymal lesions on FNAC along with their histopathological correlation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 1 year from January 2021 to January 2022...

The purpose of pulmonary cytology is two-fold. First, to establish whether a pulmonary nodule is benign or malignant. Second, pulmonary cytology should classify the type of pathologic process present. When a pulmonary nodule is characterized as malignant, it is of high importance to further classify the malignancy as to type, with non-small cell carcinomas being sub-divided into adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and other types of non-small cell carcinoma. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (WHORSLC) provides an important framework for reporting and classifying material obtained by cytologic techniques, including sputum analysis, bronchial brushings, bronchial washings, and fine-needle aspiration...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is one of the most important diagnostic tools for investigation of suspected pancreatic masses, although the interpretation of the results is controversial. In recent decades, digital image analysis (DIA) has been considered in pathology. The aim of this study was to assess the DIA in the evaluation of EUS-FNA based cytopathological specimens of pancreatic masses and comparing it with conventional cytology analysis by pathologist...