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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernadette Hensen, Sian Floyd, Mwelwa M Phiri, Ab Schaap, Lucheka Sigande, Melvin Simuyaba, Lawrence Mwenge, Rosemary Zulu-Phiri, Louis Mwape, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Musonda Simwinga, Helen Ayles
BACKGROUND: The growing population of adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 15 to 24 in sub-Saharan Africa face a high burden of HIV in many settings. Unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls in the region remain high. Nonetheless, the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service needs of AYP have remained underserved. We conducted a cluster-randomised trial (CRT) to estimate the impact of community-based, peer-led SRH service provision on knowledge of HIV status and other SRH outcomes, including met need for contraceptives...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hugh Sharma Waddington, Edoardo Masset, Sarah Bick, Sandy Cairncross
BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries (L&MICs), the biggest contributing factors to the global burden of disease in childhood are deaths due to respiratory illness and diarrhoea, both of which are closely related to use of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services by households. However, current estimates of the health impacts of WASH interventions use self-reported morbidity, which may fail to capture longer-term or more severe impacts. Reported mortality is thought to be less prone to bias than other reported measures...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James P Sheppard, Constantinos Koshiaris, Richard Stevens, Sarah Lay-Flurrie, Amitava Banerjee, Brandon K Bellows, Andrew Clegg, F D Richard Hobbs, Rupert A Payne, Subhashisa Swain, Juliet A Usher-Smith, Richard J McManus
BACKGROUND: Antihypertensives are effective at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, but limited data exist quantifying their association with serious adverse events, particularly in older people with frailty. This study aimed to examine this association using nationally representative electronic health record data. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a retrospective cohort study utilising linked data from 1,256 general practices across England held within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2018...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#24
Johan L Vinther, Tim Cadman, Demetris Avraam, Claus T Ekstrøm, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Ahmed Elhakeem, Ana C Santos, Angela Pinot de Moira, Barbara Heude, Carmen Iñiguez, Costanza Pizzi, Elinor Simons, Ellis Voerman, Eva Corpeleijn, Faryal Zariouh, Gilian Santorelli, Hazel M Inskip, Henrique Barros, Jennie Carson, Jennifer R Harris, Johanna L Nader, Justiina Ronkainen, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Loreto Santa-Marina, Lucinda Calas, Luise Cederkvist, Maja Popovic, Marie-Aline Charles, Marieke Welten, Martine Vrijheid, Meghan Azad, Padmaja Subbarao, Paul Burton, Puishkumar J Mandhane, Rae-Chi Huang, Rebecca C Wilson, Sido Haakma, Sílvia Fernández-Barrés, Stuart Turvey, Susana Santos, Suzanne C Tough, Sylvain Sebert, Theo J Moraes, Theodosia Salika, Vincent W V Jaddoe, Deborah A Lawlor, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004036.].
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana Pinto da Costa, Robert Stewart
Mariana Pinto da Costa and Robert Stewart provide commentary on a large prospective panel survey of mental health during the pandemic and consider the implications of such data science initiatives.
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel T Myran, Rhiannon Roberts, Eric McArthur, Nivethika Jeyakumar, Jennifer M Hensel, Claire Kendall, Caroline Gerin-Lajoie, Taylor McFadden, Christopher Simon, Amit X Garg, Manish M Sood, Peter Tanuseputro
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges among physicians and non-physicians. However, it is unclear if the worsening mental health among physicians is due to specific occupational stressors, reflective of general societal stressors during the pandemic, or a combination. We evaluated the difference in mental health and addictions health service use between physicians and non-physicians, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feifei Bu, Andrew Steptoe, Daisy Fancourt
BACKGROUND: There has been much research into the mental health impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and how it is related to time-invariant individual characteristics. However, there is still a lack of research showing long-term trajectories of mental health across different stages of the pandemic. And little is known regarding the longitudinal association of time-varying factors with mental health outcomes. This study aimed to provide a longitudinal profile of how mental health in adults changed across different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine their longitudinal associations with time-varying contextual (e...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin S White, Sanjay Basu, Scott Kaplan, Kristine A Madsen, Sofia B Villas-Boas, Dean Schillinger
BACKGROUND: While a 2021 federal commission recommended that the United States government levy a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax to improve diabetes prevention and control efforts, evidence is limited regarding the longer-term impacts of SSB taxes on SSB purchases, health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness. This study estimates the impact and cost-effectiveness of an SSB tax levied in Oakland, California. METHODS AND FINDINGS: An SSB tax ($0.01/oz) was implemented on July 1, 2017, in Oakland...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#29
Pim Cuijpers, Eva Heim, Jinane Abi Ramia, Sebastian Burchert, Kenneth Carswell, Ilja Cornelisz, Christine Knaevelsrud, Philip Noun, Chris van Klaveren, Edith Van't Hof, Edwina Zoghbi, Mark van Ommeren, Rabih El Chammay
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025.].
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liam Wright, Neil M Davies, David Bann
BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) and obesity rates have increased sharply since the 1980s. While multiple epidemiologic studies have found that higher adolescent cognitive ability is associated with lower adult BMI, residual and unobserved confounding due to family background may explain these associations. We used a sibling design to test this association accounting for confounding factors shared within households. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used data from four United States general youth population cohort studies: the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY-79), the NLSY-79 Children and Young Adult, the NLSY 1997 (NLSY-97), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS); a total of 12,250 siblings from 5,602 households followed from adolescence up to age 62...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shekhar Saxena, Cindy Chwa
Shekhar Saxena and Cindy Chwa discuss the neglect of care for people living with mental disorders during the pandemic, and highlight relevant implications for policy-makers.
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mara Violato, Jack Pollard, Andrew Lloyd, Laurence S J Roope, Raymond Duch, Matias Fuentes Becerra, Philip M Clarke
BACKGROUND: Most research on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) health burden has focused on confirmed cases and deaths, rather than consequences for the general population's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It is also important to consider HRQoL to better understand the potential multifaceted implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in various international contexts. This study aimed to assess the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in HRQoL in 13 diverse countries...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enny S Paixao, Andrêa Jf Ferreira, Idália Oliveira Dos Santos, Laura C Rodrigues, Rosemeire Fiaccone, Leonardo Salvi, Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira, José Guilherme Santana, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos Antônio de S S Teles, Maria Auxiliadora Soares, Eliana Amaral, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L Barreto, Maria Yury Ichihara
BACKGROUND: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a major and avoidable cause of neonatal death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to estimate excess all-cause mortality in children under 5 years with CS compared to those without CS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this population-based cohort study, we used linked, routinely collected data from Brazil from January 2011 to December 2017. Cox survival models were adjusted for maternal region of residence, maternal age, education, material status, self-declared race and newborn sex, and year of birth and stratified according to maternal treatment status, non-treponemal titers and presence of signs and symptoms at birth...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#34
MULTICENTER STUDY
Samantha Knights, Smriti Prasad, Erkan Kalafat, Anahita Dadali, Pam Sizer, Francoise Harlow, Asma Khalil
BACKGROUND: Accurate knowledge of fetal presentation at term is vital for optimal antenatal and intrapartum care. The primary objective was to compare the impact of routine third trimester ultrasound or point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) with standard antenatal care, on the incidence of overall and proportion of all term breech presentations that were undiagnosed at term, and on the related adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a retrospective multicentre cohort study where we included data from St...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark Tomlinson, Marguerite Marlow
In this Perspective, Mark Tomlinson and Marguerite Marlow argue that equitable improvements in mental health outcomes cannot be achieved without first dismantling colonial and paternalistic approaches to global mental health.
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nursena Aksunger, Corey Vernot, Rebecca Littman, Maarten Voors, Niccolò F Meriggi, Amanuel Abajobir, Bernd Beber, Katherine Dai, Dennis Egger, Asad Islam, Jocelyn Kelly, Arjun Kharel, Amani Matabaro, Andrés Moya, Pheliciah Mwachofi, Carolyn Nekesa, Eric Ochieng, Tabassum Rahman, Alexandra Scacco, Yvonne van Dalen, Michael Walker, Wendy Janssens, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated mitigation policies created a global economic and health crisis of unprecedented depth and scale, raising the estimated prevalence of depression by more than a quarter in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suffered the negative effects on living standards the most severely. However, the consequences of the pandemic for mental health in LMICs have received less attention. Therefore, this study assesses the association between the COVID-19 crisis and mental health in 8 LMICs...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa J Adams, Jill P Pell, Daniel F Mackay, David Clark, Albert King, Michael Fleming
BACKGROUND: While special educational needs (SEN) are increasingly recorded among schoolchildren, infant breastfeeding has been associated with reduced incidence of childhood physical and mental health problems. This study investigated relationships between infant feeding method and risk of all-cause and cause-specific SEN. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A population cohort of schoolchildren in Scotland was constructed by linking together health (maternity, birth, and health visitor records) and education (annual school pupil census) databases...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clare MacRae, Megan McMinn, Stewart W Mercer, David Henderson, David A McAllister, Iris Ho, Emily Jefferson, Daniel R Morales, Jane Lyons, Ronan A Lyons, Chris Dibben, Bruce Guthrie
BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity prevalence rates vary considerably depending on the conditions considered in the morbidity count, but there is no standardised approach to the number or selection of conditions to include. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using English primary care data for 1,168,260 participants who were all people alive and permanently registered with 149 included general practices. Outcome measures of the study were prevalence estimates of multimorbidity (defined as ≥2 conditions) when varying the number and selection of conditions considered for 80 conditions...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#39
EDITORIAL
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela Y Chang, Dana Bryazka, Joseph L Dieleman
BACKGROUND: The rise in health spending in the United States and the prevalence of multimorbidity-having more than one chronic condition-are interlinked but not well understood. Multimorbidity is believed to have an impact on an individual's health spending, but how having one specific additional condition impacts spending is not well established. Moreover, most studies estimating spending for single diseases rarely adjust for multimorbidity. Having more accurate estimates of spending associated with each disease and different combinations could aid policymakers in designing prevention policies to more effectively reduce national health spending...
April 2023: PLoS Medicine
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