Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences

BACKGROUND: Despite health education efforts, pregnant women still face major health problems.The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in a context of social vulnerability. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey of 384 pregnant women randomly selected from the 20 health districts in the province of Essaouira. This study was carried out from January 2022 to June 2022...

BACKGROUND: Strengthening disaster resilience is important to protect existing development and in anticipation of various disasters and risks due to disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine resilience among individuals in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia based on the capital domains. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design with 97 Indonesian people and was conducted using an online survey in May-December 2020...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused several changes that affect overall health, including the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. Several risk factors, including iron deficiency during pregnancy, diabetes, maternal smoking, preterm birth, low birth weight, and multiple pregnancies, can influence poor iron intake in infants. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Appropriate self-management (SM) is crucial in controlling epilepsy and improving self-efficacy, medication adherence and avoidance of seizure triggers in patients with epilepsy (PWE. The aim of this study was to evaluate SM and its predictors among adult PWE in Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. The participants were 335 adult PWEs that were selected from healthcare settings in Hamadan, Iran. Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS) was used to measure patients' self-management behaviors...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Human infection with Enterobius vermicularis occurs worldwide. The most common clinical manifestation of a pinworm infection is an itchy anal region. This parasite is incidentally found in appendicitis. This study aims to characterize and genotype this parasite from different samples inferred by mt-DNA. METHODS: Forty appendectomies for acute clinical appendicitis, 40 positive scotch-tape samples, and 10 adult females worm isolated from patients. Genetic differentiation, haplotype differences, and isolates population structure were analyzed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( cox 1) gene...

BACKGROUND: Globally prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer among men and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in a developing country, which is mainly due to lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the screening of prostate cancer. The main objective of this review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice of adult men about prostate cancer. METHOD: An extensive literature search was performed on studies published between January 2000 to 2021...

BACKGROUND: Increased renal echogenicity is a nonspecific ultrasound finding. It may be a normal variation or suggestive of various underlying conditions like renal amyloidosis, chronic kidney disease, sickle cell disease and HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). OBJECTIVE: To study maternal renal echogenicity in normal pregnancy, and explore its relationship with maternal baseline characteristics in our subregion. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Radiology Units of the two tertiary health facilities, one secondary facility and one radio-diagnostic facility, all in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria, between March-August 2022...

BACKGROUND: End-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide, primarily in the developing countries. It is affecting mainly the productive age group. Though the prevalence of the disease is increasing in Ethiopia, there are few studies. We therefore sought to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 17 hemodialysis centers in Addis Ababa. Patients who received hemodialysis for at least three months were included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition in children seems to be one of the major health issues in developing nations including India. Stunting, underweight, and wasting are the three most often used anthropometric indicators to evaluate childhood undernutrition. Children who exhibit one or more indicators of undernutrition are considered as anthropometric failure (AF). The present study aims to determine the distribution and determinants of anthropometric failure in children under the age of five in different regions of India...

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and the most common antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. It is associated with a variety of infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and its antimicrobial resistance profile from different clinical specimens at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Referral Hospital (DTCRH). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 at DTCRH...

BACKGROUND: Accommodation and Vergence disorder are diverse visual anomalies which can interfere with a child's school performance and impair one's ability to function efficiently. Its association with refractive error and its intervention were studied less in Indian myopia children; hence, there is a need for research in such setting. METHOD: One hundred and fifty Indian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years were divided into three refractive error groups (high, moderate, and low myopia)...

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to introduce a new technique used in controlling the postpartum bleeding during normal vaginal delivery. METHODS: This study was conducted on 150 pregnant women aged 18 years or more who were eligible for normal vaginal delivery. After placental delivery, Mostafa Maged maneuver was applied. The amount of blood loss was estimated by counting the number of pads immediately before applying the maneuver compared to the number of pads immediately after applying the maneuver to determine the effectiveness of the Mostafa Maged maneuver...

BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered the most common central nervous system (CNS) helminthic infection. The prevalence of NCC cases in the Middle East has increased in recent years. Thirty-nine cases of NCC were reported between 2003-2011 in the Arabian Peninsula, among, five cases being from the kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Most of the cases reported from the KSA were presented with seizures, and they belonged to expatriate workers or their related contacts. In this case series, we presented three cases of colloidal/calcified NCC...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is among the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases in the world. Unfortunately, immediate prospects for a cure are not available. We aimed to determine the in vivo antidiabetic activity, histologic, and biochemical effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extract on alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allotted into six groups (n=6). Group I was normal control. Group II was induced with diabetes but not treated...

BACKGROUND: There are two main purposes of microbial monitoring of the inanimate hospital environment. One of them is to monitor hygiene standards, and the second is to determine the presence of nosocomial pathogens. This study was aimed to investigate the indoor environment of the different departments of a university hospital. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted in a university hospital, a teaching hospital with 143 beds and 30 ICU beds, and a hospital with 6 different wards in Northern Cyprus...

BACKGROUND: Rapid Ethical Assessment (REA) is a rapid qualitative study anticipated to understand the ethical sphere of the research setting prior to recruiting study subjects. This study assessed the communities' knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) and research, understand the social arrangements advisable for recruiting research participant and appraised the information provision and consent process. METHODS: The study was conducted in Amhara region, Ethiopia from 5th -30th January 2021...

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has changed expectations of healthcare professionals concerning the knowledge, attitude, and practice of CAM. The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of students of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Iran) in 2020 concerning CAM. METHODS: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 medical sciences students using targeted quota sampling...

BACKGROUND: Every population, regardless of wealth or social development, faces the major health issue of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality differ by region and period. Thus, this study aimed to determine the characteristics, incidence, and mortality of various cancers at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, a referral center hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive research design using secondary data recorded at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia, between January 2002 and December 2019...

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience an increased risk of perioperative pulmonary complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of albuterol spray on hypoxia and bronchospasm in patients with COPD under general anesthesia. METHODS: This single-center, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 smoking patients with COPD who were referred to 5 Azar Educational Hospital in Gorgan, Northern Iran, in 2021...