COPD

Pulmonary imaging measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have the potential to deepen our understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by measuring airway and parenchymal pathologic information that cannot be provided by spirometry. Currently, MRI and CT measurements are not included in mortality risk predictions, diagnosis, or COPD staging. We evaluated baseline pulmonary function, MRI and CT measurements alongside imaging texture-features to predict 10-year all-cause mortality in ex-smokers with ( n  = 93; 31 females; 70 ± 9years) and without ( n  = 69; 29 females, 69 ± 9years) COPD...

During the COVID-19 pandemic the number of hospital admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations was significantly reduced. The reason for this decline is not fully understood. Governmental non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI's), an increase in community treated exacerbations, or healthcare avoidance by patients, are potential reasons. For the current study, the impact of Dutch governmental NPI's on the COPD exacerbations and respiratory infections rate in patients with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) was analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 20% of patients who are discharged from hospital for an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) are readmitted within 30 days. To reduce this, it is important both to identify all individuals admitted with AECOPD and to predict those who are at higher risk for readmission. OBJECTIVES: To develop two clinical prediction models using data available in electronic medical records: 1) identifying patients admitted with AECOPD and 2) predicting 30-day readmission in patients discharged after AECOPD...

Randomized controlled trials and observational studies have reported conflicting results on the potential beneficial effects of statins on mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We performed a systematic search of the literature to review all observational studies reporting relative risks of death with statin use in COPD, focusing on potential sources of bias. We identified 15 observational studies, out of 2835, of which 12 were affected by time-related and other biases and the remaining 3 by confounding bias...

In clinical practice, clinicians mainly focus on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations and symptoms, while patients may prefer to evaluate periods free of COPD exacerbations and deteriorated symptoms. The latter would suit the positive health approach that centralizes people and their beliefs. We aimed to identify patient characteristics and health outcomes relating to: 1) COPD exacerbation-free days; 2) days with no more symptoms than usual; and 3) combined COPD exacerbation and comorbid flare-up-free days (i...

Whereas exacerbation action plans to self-manage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) significantly improve health outcomes, patients' adherence to those action plans is often poor. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers of adherence to tailored multi-disease exacerbation action plans. We also explored patients' perspectives toward disease management roles. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of COPD patients who completed a Dutch-Australian self-management intervention evaluating tailored exacerbation action plans for COPD and relevant comorbidities...

Current literature yields unequivocal results regarding the effect of body composition on physical function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and disproportionately includes a majority of males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific body composition measures are significantly associated with physical function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with equal representation of males and females. Independent variables included sex, total body mass, total body lean and fat mass, appendicular total mass, and appendicular lean and fat mass...

Sleep hypoventilation (SH) is common in COPD patients with diurnal hypercapnia, however there are little data on the presence of SH in COPD patients with diurnal normocapnia. In this study the prevalence of SH in stable normocapnic COPD patients with severe or very severe obstruction (GOLD stages III and IV) was evaluated across body mass index (BMI) classes and associations between SH and body composition measures were explored. A total of 56 diurnal normocapnic COPD patients, of whom 17 normal-weight (COPDNW ), 18 overweight (COPDOW ) and 21 obese (COPDOB ), underwent polysomnography to objectify SH and bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess body composition...

We hypothesized that the respiratory exercises have uniform effects on ventilation in healthy subjects but the effects varied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, a total of 30 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with COPD were included. Data were recorded continuously during (1) diaphragmatic breathing; (2) pursed lip breathing with full inhalation; (3) pursed lip combining diaphragmatic breathing. The sequence of the three breathing exercises was randomized using machine generated random permutation...

The etiology of sex differences in the risk of asthma-COPD phenotype and COPD is still not completely understood. Genetic and environmental risk factors are commonly believed to play an important role. This study aims to identify sex-specific genetic markers associated with asthma-COPD phenotype and COPD using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Baseline Comprehensive and Genomic data. There were a total of 1,415 COPD cases. Out of them, 504 asthma-COPD phenotype cases were identified. 20,524 participants without a diagnosis of asthma and COPD served as controls...

In Japan, exacerbations are underreported compared with other countries, possibly due in part to a failure to recognize them. This study aimed to create a simple chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Exacerbation Recognition Tool (CERT-J) specifically for Japanese patients. Patients ≥40 years with confirmed COPD or asthma-COPD overlap were included. Focus groups were held to identify words and phrases used by patients to describe symptoms associated with an exacerbation, resulting in candidate items being identified...

The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram for predicting community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The retrospective cohort study included 1249 hospitalized patients with AECOPD between January 2012 and December 2019. The patients were divided into pneumonia-complicating AECOPD (pAECOPD) and non-pneumonic AECOPD (npAECOPD) groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to identify prognostic factors...

Computed tomography (CT) total-airway-count (TAC) and airway wall-thickness differ across chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severities, but longitudinal insights are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal CT airway measurements over three-years in ex-smokers. In this prospective convenience sample study, ex-smokers with ( n  = 50; 13 female; age = 70 ± 9 years; pack-years = 43 ± 26) and without ( n  = 40; 17 female; age = 69 ± 10 years; pack-years = 31 ± 17) COPD completed CT, 3 He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pulmonary function tests at baseline and three-year follow-up...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, complex, and heterogeneous condition with significant mortality, morbidity, and socioeconomic burden. Given the heterogeneity, the current management of COPD, which mainly relies on bronchodilators and corticosteroids, cannot consider all COPD populations. Moreover, the present treatment modalities are directed at minimizing symptoms and reducing the risk of a future attack, but they exhibit few meaningful anti-inflammatory activities in preventing and reducing disease progression...

Depression and anxiety are related to physical activity among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although the strength and direction of the reported relationships are inconsistent. This study systematically synthesized the relationships between physical activity and i) depression and ii) anxiety in people with COPD. Physical activity measurement type (objective, self-report) was examined as a moderator of these relationships. A systematic search of physical activity and COPD was conducted from inception to February 2022 across 8 databases...

The association between physical activity in daily life (PADL) and simple functional tests is not yet clearly understood in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of two functional tests (Sit-to-Stand test [STS] and the 4-Metre Gait Speed test [4MGS]) with PADL, as well as to identify whether these tests can discriminate those subjects who are physically inactive. In this cross-sectional study, 28 subjects with COPD performed the five repetitions Sit-to-Stand (STS5r), the 4MGS and used the DynaPort activity monitor for 7 days in order to assess PADL...

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine trends in the incidence and burden of pertussis among adults ≥50 years in South Korea, with/without pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. The nationwide Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database was used to identify patients ≥50 years diagnosed with pertussis (2009-2018). Mean annual incidence of pertussis per 100 000 persons and overall mean incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated for patients with pre-existing COPD or asthma versus those with neither...

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, trends, and risk factors of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by using a nationally representative sample. The datasets of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2019 were used, where 80,860 individuals were identified; of these, 9,045 participants aged 40-49 years who underwent spirometry with no missing data were analyzed. Early COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s /forced vital capacity ratio < the lower limit of normal (2...

Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients but are often under-diagnosed. We aimed to assess the suitability of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) in screening anxiety and depression in patients with COPD. Stable COPD patients from a cross-sectional observational study were assessed by CAT. Anxiety and depression were identified using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to identify factors associated with anxiety or depression and to calculate the predictive values...

Reduced lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO ) at rest and increased ventilation ( ⩒ E )-carbon dioxide output ( ⩒ CO2 ) during exercise are frequent findings in dyspneic smokers with largely preserved FEV1 . It remains unclear whether low DLCO and high ⩒ E - ⩒ CO2 are mere reflections of alveolar destruction (i.e. emphysema) or impaired pulmonary perfusion in non-emphysematous tissue contributes to these functional abnormalities. Sixty-four smokers (41 males, FEV1 = 84 ± 13%predicted) underwent pulmonary function tests, an incremental exercise test, and quantitative chest computed tomography...