journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536114/how-does-our-brain-process-positive-and-negative-thermosensory-cues
#1
REVIEW
Jose Gabriel Grajales-Reyes, Bandy Chen, David Meseguer Garcia, Marc Schneeberger Pane
Whether it is the dramatic suffocating sensation from a heat wave in the summer or the positive reinforcement arising from a hot drink on a cold day; we can certainly agree that our thermal environment underlies our daily rhythms of sensation. Extensive research has focused on deciphering the central circuits responsible for conveying the impact of thermogenesis on mammalian behavior. Here, we revise the recent literature responsible for defining the behavioral correlates that arise from thermogenic fluctuations in mammals...
March 27, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530221/synergism-between-hypothalamic-astrocytes-and-neurons-in-metabolic-control
#2
REVIEW
Laura M Frago, Alfonso Gomez-Romero, Roberto Collado-Pérez, Jesús Argente, Julie A Chowen
Astrocytes are no longer considered as passive support cells. In the hypothalamus, these glial cells actively participate in the control of appetite, energy expenditure and the processes leading to obesity and its secondary complications. Here we briefly review studies supporting this conclusion and the advances made in understanding the underlying mechanisms.
March 26, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501963/pulmonary-vascular-dysfunctions-in-cystic-fibrosis
#3
REVIEW
Jean-Pierre Amoakon, Goutham Mylavarapu, Raouf S Amin, Anjaparavanda P Naren
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it has been discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells...
March 19, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501962/cell-membrane-tension-gradients-membrane-flows-and-cellular-processes
#4
REVIEW
Qi Yan, Carolina Gomis Perez, Erdem Karatekin
Cell membrane tension affects and is affected by many fundamental cellular processes, yet it is poorly understood. Recent experiments show that membrane tension can propagate at vastly different speeds in different cell types, reflecting physiological adaptations. Here we briefly review the current knowledge about membrane tension gradients, membrane flows, and their physiological context.
March 19, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411571/mechanisms-of-pathogen-and-pesticide-resistance-in-honey-bees
#5
REVIEW
Leonard J Foster, Nadejda Tsvetkov, Alison McAfee
Bees are the most important insect pollinators of the crops humans grow, and Apis mellifera , the Western honey bee, is the most commonly managed species for this purpose. In addition to providing agricultural services, the complex biology of honey bees has been the subject of scientific study since the 18th century, and the intricate behaviors of honey bees and ants - fellow Hymenopterans - inspired much sociobiological inquest. Unfortunately, honey bees are constantly exposed to parasites, pathogens, and xenobiotics, all of which pose threats to their health...
February 27, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411570/circadian-rhythm-regulation-by-pacemaker-neuron-chloride-oscillation-in-flies
#6
REVIEW
Aylin R Rodan
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior sync organisms to external environmental cycles. Here, circadian oscillation in intracellular chloride in central pacemaker neurons of the fly, Drosophila melanogaster , is reviewed. Intracellular chloride links SLC12 cation-coupled chloride transporter function with kinase signaling and the regulation of inwardly rectifying potassium channels.
February 27, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38353610/pharmacological-advances-in-incretin-based-polyagonism-what-we-know-and-what-we-don-t
#7
REVIEW
Aaron Novikoff, Timo D Müller
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in both the adolescent and adult, in parallel obesity is strongly associated with the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart failure, certain types of cancer, and all-cause mortality. In relation to obesity, many pharmacological approaches of the past have tried and failed to combat the rising obesity epidemic, particularly due to insufficient efficacy or unacceptable side-effects. But while the history of anti-obesity medication is plagued by failures and disappointments, we have witnessed over the last 10 years substantial progress, particularly in regard to biochemically optimized agonists at the receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and unimolecular co-agonists at the receptors for GLP-1 and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)...
February 14, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38319138/complementing-cell-taxonomies-with-a-multicellular-analysis-of-tissues
#8
REVIEW
Ricardo Omar Ramirez Flores, Philipp Sven Lars Schäfer, Leonie Küchenhoff, Julio Saez-Rodriguez
The application of single cell molecular profiling coupled with spatial technologies has enabled charting cellular heterogeneity in reference tissues and in disease. This new wave of molecular data has highlighted the expected diversity of single cell dynamics upon shared external queues and spatial organizations. However, little is known about the relationship between single cell heterogeneity and the emergence and maintenance of robust multicellular processes in developed tissues and its role in (patho)physiology...
February 6, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38260943/emerging-pathophysiological-roles-of-ketone-bodies
#9
REVIEW
Hiroaki Tsuruta, Kosuke Yamahara, Mako Yasuda-Yamahara, Shinji Kume
The discovery of insulin approximately a century ago greatly improved the management of diabetes, including many of its life-threatening acute complications like ketoacidosis. This breakthrough saved many lives and extended the healthy lifespan of many patients with diabetes. However, there is still a negative perception of ketone bodies stemming from ketoacidosis. Originally, ketone bodies were thought of as a vital source of energy during fasting and exercise. Furthermore, in recent years, research on calorie restriction and its potential impact on extending healthy lifespans, as well as studies on ketone bodies, have gradually led to a reevaluation of the significance of ketone bodies in promoting longevity...
January 23, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38193763/membrane-dynamics-and-cation-handling-in-ferroptosis
#10
REVIEW
Eikan Mishima, Yusuke Hirata
Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death hallmarked by excessive lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various (patho)physiological contexts. During ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation leads to a diverse change in membrane properties and the dysregulation of ion homeostasis via the cation channels, ultimately resulting in plasma membrane rupture. This review illuminates cellular membrane dynamics and cation handling in ferroptosis regulation.
January 9, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478626/iups-physiology-on-a-global-scale
#11
EDITORIAL
Susan Wray
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 1, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38265450/physiology-in-perspective
#12
EDITORIAL
Nikki Forrester
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38085014/the-elusive-hypertrophy-of-the-python-heart
#13
REVIEW
Bjarke Jensen, Tobias Wang
The Burmese python, one of the world's largest snakes, has reached celebrity status for its dramatic physiological responses associated with digestion of enormous meals. The meals elicit a rapid gain of mass and function of most visceral organs, particularly the small intestine. There is also a manyfold elevation of oxygen consumption that demands the heart to deliver more oxygen. It therefore made intuitive sense when it was reported that the postprandial response entailed a 40% growth of heart mass that could accommodate a rise in stroke volume...
March 1, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38059849/physiology-in-perspective
#14
EDITORIAL
Christopher England
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 1, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38113392/tracers-and-imaging-of-fatty-acid-and-energy-metabolism-of-human-adipose-tissues
#15
REVIEW
André C Carpentier
White and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) regulate fatty acid metabolism and control lipid fluxes to other organs. Dysfunction of these key metabolic processes contributes to organ insulin resistance and inflammation leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Metabolic tracer combined with molecular imaging methods are powerful tools for the investigation of these pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, I review some of the positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods combined with stable isotopic metabolic tracers to investigate fatty acid and energy metabolism, focusing on human WAT and BAT metabolism...
December 19, 2023: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38051123/from-beats-to-metabolism-the-heart-at-the-core-of-interorgan-crosstalk
#16
REVIEW
Rafael Romero-Becerra, Ayelén M Santamans, Alba C Arcones, Guadalupe Sabio Buzo
The heart, once considered a mere pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time that serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis...
December 5, 2023: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37987764/reflecting-back-looking-ahead
#17
EDITORIAL
Willis K Samson, Dee U Silverthorn, Timothy I Musch
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 21, 2023: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37962895/microglia-in-central-control-of-metabolism
#18
REVIEW
Jung Dae Kim, Francesca Copperi, Sabrina Diano
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review will highlight the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
November 14, 2023: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37962894/physiological-functions-of-the-ubiquitin-ligases-nedd4-1-and-nedd4-2
#19
REVIEW
Daniela Rotin, Gali Prag
The Nedd4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, consisting of a C2-WW(n)-HECT domain architecture, include the closely related Nedd4/Nedd4-1 and Nedd4L/Nedd4-2, which play critical roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. This review focuses on the regulation of enzymatic activity of these Nedd4 proteins, as well as on their roles in regulating stability and function of membrane and other signaling proteins, such as ion channels, ion transporters and growth factor receptors. The diseases caused by impairment of such regulation are discussed, as well as opportunities and challenges for targeting these enzymes for therapy...
November 14, 2023: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37750988/physiology-in-perspective
#20
EDITORIAL
Christopher England
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 1, 2023: Physiology
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