Tobacco Induced Diseases

INTRODUCTION: Acupuncture and related acupoint therapies have been widely used for smoking cessation. Some relevant systematic reviews (SRs) have been published. There is a need to summarize and update the evidence to inform practice and decision-making. METHODS: Eight databases were searched from their inception to December 2023. SRs, any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture therapies with sham acupuncture, pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy, or no treatment, were included...

INTRODUCTION: Non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs), such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) have gained a significant nicotine market share in South Korea. This descriptive study examined patterns of regular cigarette and NCNP use among South Korean adults. METHODS: Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey and included 4016 adults (aged ≥19 years) in the Republic of Korea who were regularly (at least weekly) using at least one NCNP (NVP/HTP, n=2117) and/or smoked cigarettes (n=3763) at the time of the survey...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation is the best strategy for reducing tobacco-related morbimortality. The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to test whether using the genetically favorable markers to choose a smoking cessation drug treatment (precision medicine) was superior to using the most effective drug (varenicline) in terms of abstinence rates. Additionally, combination therapy was tested when monotherapy failed. METHODS: This partially blind, single-center study randomized (1:1) 361 participants into two major groups...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is an independent and modifiable risk factor for the onset and development of psoriasis; however, evidence on the association between tobacco smoking and psoriasis treatment efficacy is limited. This study aimed to explore the influence of smoking on treatment efficacy in a cohort of patients with psoriasis in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Patients with psoriasis were recruited from the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital between 2021 and 2022. The treatment for patients with psoriasis includes acitretin, methotrexate, narrow-band ultraviolet/benvitimod, and biologics...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking stands as a primary contributor to preventable deaths globally and is linked to an increased risk of developing kidney failure and other diseases. A few studies have focused on the negative correlation between serum cotinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating decreased kidney function. This study investigated the associations between urinary cotinine metabolite concentration and serum eGFR among active smokers in urban households. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of active smokers in urban households' community Bangkok, Thailand from January to April 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh has 22 million adult users of smokeless tobacco (ST). The prevalence among women is higher (24.8%). Health-related quality of life outcome (HRQoL) for ST use is little known. We investigated the association between HRQoL and daily ST use among adult women in Bangladesh. METHODS: Using multi-stage design, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Adult women (randomly selected) were surveyed from 4 purposively selected divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rangpur)...

INTRODUCTION: In Thailand, smoking cessation services have been developed to reach smokers who want to quit. However, in universities, smoking cessation services are still limited. This study aimed to identify smokers' opinions on smoking and customized cessation, and to synthesize a cessation model in the university context using the Health Belief Model. METHODS: A qualitative research method was designed. In-depth interviews with semi-structured questions following the Health Belief Model framework were conducted with students, teachers, and supporting staff who were current smokers...

In this narrative review, we highlight the challenges of comparing emissions from different tobacco products under controlled laboratory settings (using smoking/vaping machines). We focus on tobacco products that generate inhalable smoke or aerosol, such as cigarettes, cigars, hookah, electronic cigarettes, and heated tobacco products. We discuss challenges associated with sample generation including variability of smoking/vaping machines, lack of standardized adaptors that connect smoking/vaping machines to different tobacco products, puffing protocols that are not representative of actual use, and sample generation session length (minutes or number of puffs) that depends on product characteristics...

INTRODUCTION: The use of e-cigarettes (ECs) has reached unprecedented levels, due to a variety of reasons, including the misconception regarding their safety. Thus, there have been efforts to characterize the effects of EC exposure, including in the context of thirdhand EC (THEC) on a host of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: To address this issue, we sought to characterize the effects of THEC on platelet function and thrombus formation, using a novel mouse exposure protocol that resembles real life scenarios...

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzes the impact of active smoking and secondhand smoke on the ischemic stroke burden of Pakistan, 1990-2019. METHODS: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of ischemic stroke-related indicators in Pakistan, including the number of deaths, mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Joinpoint analysis was applied to assess sex-specific temporal trends in the burden of active smoking and secondhand smoke in Pakistan and regions of Pakistan...

INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in promoting tissue regeneration and healing, particularly in bone tissue. Both smoking and nicotine use are known to delay and inhibit the healing process in patients. This study aims at delineating these cellular effects by comparing the impact of nicotine alone to cigarette smoke with equivalent nicotine content, and shedding light on potential differences in the healing process. METHODS: We examined how cigarette smoke and nicotine affect the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human patient-derived MSCs in vitro , as well as the secretion of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to examine the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among college students in Hangzhou, and to analyze the influencing factors of their intention to use e-cigarettes. METHODS: Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 775 students from two universities in Hangzhou were selected for an on-site questionnaire survey from March to April 2022. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of use intention, based on innovation diffusion theory...

INTRODUCTION: The majority of decisions on electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) premarket tobacco product applications (PMTAs) were made from October 2020 to February 2023; 99% (>25 million) had determinations by March 2023 and just twenty-three received marketing granted orders. We examined the unique devices and liquids used among US adults frequently using ENDS before, during, and after a majority of PMTA decisions were made. METHODS: Data are from waves 1-5 (W1: May-Oct 2020, n=1179; W5: Feb-Apr 2023, n=1290) of a longitudinal survey of US adults (≥21 years) using ENDS ≥5 days/week...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking prevalence is high in China, and healthcare workers are important for tobacco control. This study aimed to determine the smoking status, cognition of tobacco hazards, and smoking cessation-related knowledge among respiratory healthcare workers, and to explore their ability to provide smoking cessation assistance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 1028 respiratory healthcare workers from 89 hospitals in Fujian Province, China...

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco epidemic is a global public health concern, killing more than 8 million people annually. Individual therapy is the standard of care of behavioral intervention for smoking cessation in Malaysia and group-based therapy for smoking cessation is an alternative to behavioral intervention commonly used in the western population effectively. The study explored the feasibility and efficacy of group-based therapy for smoking cessation for smokers who want to quit smoking at a quit smoking clinic and community centers in an urban setting in Malaysia...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is one of the most important preventable causes of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular disease caused by smoking is associated with vascular endothelial damage, platelet aggregation, and adhesion. In our study, we examined the effect of chronic smoking on vessel wall stiffness in smokers and control group by measuring carotid artery wall stiffness by shear wave ultrasonography. METHODS: Sixty-two smokers of similar ages and genders, and 67 people who never smoked in the last ten years were included as the control group in this cross-sectional study...

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer linked to smoking and the variations in trends across different locations, is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. In this study, we present findings on the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate attributed to smoking in 204 countries and territories spanning 21 regions from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, which assessed 369 diseases and injuries, as well as 87 risk factors in 204 countries and 21 regions...

INTRODUCTION: JUUL is a high-nicotine pod-based vaping device that is popular among adolescents and young adults. On 23 June 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) denied authorization to market JUUL, and ordered JUUL Labs to remove products from the US market. The next day, a US federal appeals court temporarily suspended the ban. The mixed public discourse surrounding the FDA ban warrants further investigation. METHODS: This study examined Twitter data to describe public reaction to these announcements...

INTRODUCTION: Despite that the smoking prevalence has considerably declined in Australia after successful public health strategies over many decades, smoking is still the leading cause of preventable diseases and death in Australia. These declines have not occurred consistently across all geographical-demographic domains. In order to provide an evidence base for monitoring the trend towards the goal of reducing smoking across all domains in Australia, this study aims to estimate trends of smoking prevalence for small domains cross-classified by seven age groups (18-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years), two genders, and eight states and territories over twenty years (2001-2021)...

INTRODUCTION: Health warnings on cigarette sticks are emerging as a tool to control tobacco consumption; hence, understanding how they are perceived is valuable in determining their effectiveness. Our study aimed to evaluate the perception of health-related messages and warnings on individual cigarette sticks. It also aimed to evaluate the perceptions of the effectiveness of cigarette packaging warnings and the acceptance level for the inclusion of health warnings on cigarette sticks...